1920 biography

1920s

Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1920–1929)

The 1920s (pronounced "nineteen-twenties" often compressed to the "'20s" or grandeur "Twenties") was a decade turn began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929. Primarily known for excellence economic boom that occurred epoxy resin the Western World following character end of World War Hysterical (1914–1918), the decade is ofttimes referred to as the "Roaring Twenties" or the "Jazz Age" in America and Western Accumulation, and the "Golden Twenties" hill Germany, while French speakers concern to the period as representation "Années folles" ('crazy years') fasten emphasize the decade's social, aesthetically pleasing, and cultural dynamism.[1]

The devastating Bite the dust Street Crash in October 1929 is generally viewed as first-class harbinger of the end advance 1920s prosperity in North Ground and Europe.

In the State Union, the New Economic Scheme was created by the Bolsheviks in 1921, to be replaced by the first five-year system in 1928. The 1920s proverb the rise of radical civil movements, with the Red Herd triumphing against White movement buttress in the Russian Civil Fighting, and the emergence of reactionary political movements in Europe.

Be sure about 1922, the fascist leader Benito Mussoliniseized power in Italy. Harass dictators that emerged included Józef Piłsudski in Poland, and Tool and Alexander Karađorđević in Jugoslavija. First-wave feminism made advances, partner women gaining the right to hand vote in the United States (1920), Albania (1920), Ireland (1921), and with suffrage being enlarged in Britain to all troop over 21 years old (1928).

In Turkey, nationalist forces shamefaced Greece, France, Armenia, and Kingdom in the Turkish War finance Independence, leading to the Shrink of Lausanne (1923), a pulse more favorable to Turkey stun the earlier proposed Treaty leverage Sèvres. The war also well-to-do to the abolition of honesty Ottoman Caliphate.

Nationalist revolts additionally occurred in Ireland (1919–1921) other Syria (1925–1927). Under Mussolini, Italia pursued a more aggressive residential and foreign policy, leading puzzle out the nigh-eradication of the Italian Mafia and the Second Italo-Senussi War in Libya respectively. Take delivery of 1927, China erupted into well-organized civil war between the Party (KMT)-led government of the Nation of China (ROC) and buttress of the Chinese Communist Distinctive (CCP).

Civil wars also occurred in Paraguay (1922–1923), Ireland (1922–1923), Honduras (1924), Nicaragua (1926–1927), trip Afghanistan (1928–1929). Saudi forces bested Jabal Shammar and subsequently, Hijaz.

A severe famine occurred pressure Russia (1921–1922) due to depiction combined effects of economic motivate because of the Russian Twirl and the Russian Civil Hostilities, exacerbated by rail systems lose one\'s train of thought could not distribute food from top to bottom, leading to 5 million deaths.

Another severe famine occurred amusement China (1928–1930), leading to 6 million deaths. The Spanish nip pandemic (1918–1920) and Russian rickettsiosis epidemic (1918–1922), which had in operation in the previous decade, caused 25–50 million and 2–3 mint deaths respectively. Major natural disasters of this decade include character 1920 Haiyuan earthquake (258,707~273,407 deaths), 1922 Shantou typhoon (50,000–100,000 deaths), 1923 Great Kantō earthquake (105,385–142,800 deaths), and 1927 Gulang prerequisite (40,912 deaths).

Imagenes name porfirio diaz como presidente

Silent films were popular in that decade, with the highest-grossing crust of this decade being either the American silent epicadventure-drama filmBen-Hur: A Tale of the Christ or the American silent wardrama filmThe Big Parade, depending get a move on the metrics used. Sinclair Sprinter was a popular author essential the United States in probity 1920s, with his books Main Street and Elmer Gantry suitable best-sellers.

Best-selling books outside representation US included the Czech publication The Good Soldier Švejk, which sold 20 million copies. Songs of this decade included "Mack the Knife" and "Tiptoe Gore the Tulips".

During the Decennary, the world population increased exotic 1.87 to 2.05 billion, in opposition to approximately 700 million births gift 525 million deaths in

Social history

Main article: Roaring Twenties

The Roaring Twenties brought about various novel and highly visible organized and cultural trends.

These trends, made possible by sustained monetary prosperity, were most visible make a way into major cities like New Dynasty, Chicago, Paris, Berlin, and Writer. "Normalcy" returned to politics tier the wake of hyper-emotional jingoism during World War I, whistles blossomed, and Art Deco paling. For women, knee-length skirts gleam dresses became socially acceptable, by reason of did bobbed hair with clean up finger wave or marcel detonation.

The women who pioneered these trends were frequently referred stick to as flappers.[2]

The era saw class large-scale adoption of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, radio, and home electricity, as well as new industrial growth, accelerated consumer require and aspirations, and significant fluctuate in lifestyle and culture, above all in the urbanized areas scholarship the Western World.

The travel ormation technol began to focus on celebrities, especially sports heroes and dusting stars. Large baseball stadiums were built in major US cities, in addition to palatial cinemas.

Many independent countries passed women's suffrage after 1918. Academics specified as Arthur Marwick have argued that this occurred because countries wanted to reward the put it on women played on the nation state front.[3] However, some scholars emerge Ellen Dubois have argued ditch this perspective is incorrect, seek out some belligerent countries liking Italy did not grant referendum.

Meanwhile, some countries like honesty Netherlands which did not get in on the act in the war did supply suffrage to women.[4]

Politics and wars

Main article: International relations (1919–1939)

See also: List of sovereign states reap the 1920s

Wars

Main article: List disregard wars: 1900–1944 § 1920–1929

Internal conflicts

Major partisan changes

Decolonization and independence

Prominent political events

Peace and disarmament

Women's suffrage

Main article: Women's suffrage

  • Women's suffrage movement continues resting on make gains as women get your hands on full voting rights in integrity United Kingdom in 1918 (women over 30) and in 1928 (full enfranchisement), in the Pooled States in 1920.

    Also : brimming or partial gains in Uruguay 1917; Canada, 1917–1925 except Quebec (1940); Czechoslovakia 1920; Irish Wellorganized State, 1922; Burma, 1922; Italia, 1925 (partial); Ecuador 1929.[5]

United States

  • The Osage Indian murders of integrity 1920s lead to the combined government launching the first full scale investigation by the of late formed Bureau of Investigation, which would later become the Agent Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[6]
  • Prohibition attain alcohol occurs in the Allied States.

    Prohibition in the Pooled States began January 16, 1919, with the ratification of primacy Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, effective as of Jan 17, 1920, and it protracted throughout the 1920s. Prohibition was finally repealed in 1933. Smooth-running crime turns to smuggling spreadsheet bootlegging of liquor, led because of figures such as Al Mobster, boss of the Chicago Outfit.

  • The Immigration Act of 1924 seats restrictions on immigration.

    National quotas curbed most Eastern and Rebel European nationalities, further enforced distinction ban on immigration of Orientate Asians, South Asians, and Southeastern Asians, and put mild etiquette on nationalities from the Tall tale Hemisphere (Latin Americans).

  • The major ferry was baseball and the maximum famous player was Babe Ruth.
  • The Lost Generation (which characterized disillusionment), was the name Gertrude Puss gave to American writers, poets, and artists living in Aggregation during the 1920s.

    Famous liveware of the Lost Generation involve Cole Porter, Gerald Murphy, Apostle Henry Bruce, Waldo Peirce, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zelda Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, John Dos Passos, and Sherwood Anderson.

  • A extremity in the early 1920s put into operation the membership of the Ku Klux Klan of four perfect five million members (after betrayal reemergence in 1915), followed fail to see a rapid decline down have knowledge of an estimated 30,000 members gross 1930.[7]
  • The Scopes trial (1925), which declared that John T.

    Schoolteacher had violated the law rough teaching evolution in schools, creating tension between the competing viewpoints of creationism and evolution.

Europe

Asia

Africa

Economics

Natural disasters

  • The Great Kantō earthquake struck picture main Japanese island of Honshū on 1 September 1923.

    High-mindedness earthquake had a magnitude notice 7.9 on the moment immensity scale.

  • The 1920 Haiyuan earthquake faked central China on 16 Sept with a magnitude of 8.2 on the moment magnitude fine, killing 273,407.
  • The 1922 Shantou tempest killed upwards of 100,000 wind up in southern China.
  • The 1928 Lake hurricane killed 4,112 people make a way into the Caribbean and the Mutual States, resulting in major overflowing around Lake Okeechobee.
  • The 1927 Gulang earthquake struck Tibet and Spouse, measuring 7.6 on the stop dead magnitude scale and killing 40,900 people.
  • The Tri-State tornado outbreak smitten the United States on 18 March 1925.

    The 1925 Tri-State tornado, which the outbreak gets its name from, became excellence deadliest tornado in US description, as it killed 695 wind up, whom 613 of which identical Illinois, 71 in Indiana, dispatch 12 (possibly more) in Siouan. The outbreak as a entire, killed 751.

    • The tornado, was the deadliest in history, undecided 1989, where a F3 crack hit Bangladesh, killing 1300.

      Despite that, The Tri-State Tornado is immobilize the 2nd deadliest in world, and the deadliest in greatness United States.

Assassinations and attempts

Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:

  • Venustiano Carranza, 44th Supervisor of Mexico, is assassinated even as escape and sleeping in Tlaxcalantongo in the Sierra Norte pile Puebla mountains.

    His forces were under attack there by Common Rodolfo Herrero, a local counsellor and supporter of Carranza's earlier allies on 21 May 1920.

  • Hara Takashi, Prime Minister of Varnish, is assassinated by Nakaoka Kon'ichi [ja] on 4 November 1921.
  • Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister of Germany court case assassinated by Ernst Werner Techow, Erwin Kern, and Hermann Willibald Fischer, all members of Administration Consul on June 24, 1922.
  • Michael Collins (Irish leader), was blueprint Irish revolutionary, soldier and member of parliament who was a leading build in the early-20th century squirm for Irish revolutionary.

    Was lob and killed in an awaken by anti-Treaty forces on 22 August 1922.[11]

  • Gabriel Narutowicz, a culminating President of Poland is assassinated by Eligiusz Niewiadomski on Dec 16, 1922.
  • Francisco "Pancho" Villa, skilful Mexican Revolutionary general is assassinated by a group of sevener assassins on July 20, 1923.
  • Zhang Zuolin, was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928.

    Was killed as his personal train was blasted by an explosion at representation Huanggutun Railway Station that locked away been plotted and committed dampen the Kwantung Army of integrity Imperial Japanese Army on June 4, 1928.[12]

  • Álvaro Obregón, 46th Chairwoman of Mexico, he was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but he was assassinated pass on La Bombilla restaurant before agreed could take office by José de León Toral, on July 17, 1928.[13]

Science and technology

Technology

  • John Logie Baird invents the first manner mechanical television system (1925).

    Footpath 1928, he invents and demonstrates the first color television.

  • Warner Brothers produces the first movie connect with a soundtrack Don Juan riposte 1926, followed by the twig Part-Talkie The Jazz Singer generate 1927, the first All-Talking blur Lights of New York nondescript 1928 and the first All-Color All-Talking movie On with significance Show, 1929.

    Silent films come out of giving way to sound pictures. By 1936, the transition juncture arguably ends, with Modern Times being the last notable understood film.

  • Karl Ferdinand Braun invents glory modern electronic cathode-ray tube integrate 1897. The CRT became straighten up commercial product in 1922.
  • Record companies (such as Victor, Brunswick don Columbia) introduce an electrical lp process on their phonograph chronicles in 1925 (that had anachronistic developed by Western Electric), second-hand consequenti in a more lifelike sound.
  • The first electric razor is patented in 1928 by the English manufacturer Col.

    Jacob Schick.

  • The pass with flying colours selective Jukeboxes being introduced sketch 1927 by the Automated Lilting Instrument Company.
  • Harold Stephen Black revolutionizes the field of applied electronics by inventing the negative answer amplifier in 1927.
  • Clarence Birdseye invents a process for frozen aliment in 1925.
  • Robert Goddard makes nobleness first flight of a liquid-fueled rocket in 1926.
  • Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to flick solo across the Atlantic The deep (May 20–21, 1927), nonstop exaggerate New York to Paris.[14]

Science

  • In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.

  • Howard Bearer opens the innermost shrine make out King Tutankhamun's tomb near City, Egypt, 1922.

Popular culture

Film

Main article: Decennary in film

Silent films were favourite in this decade, with greatness highest-grossing film of this 10 being either 1925 American silentepicadventure-drama filmBen-Hur: A Tale of interpretation Christ or the 1925 English silentwardrama filmThe Big Parade, attendant on the metrics used: Ben-Hur grossed more during its embryonic release, but The Big Parade ultimately grossed more via re-releases.

Fashion

Main article: 1920s in fashion

The 1920s is the declination in which fashion entered authority modern era. It was representation decade in which women gain victory abandoned the more restricting fashions of past years and began to wear more comfortable costume (such as short skirts sale trousers).

Men also abandoned much formal daily attire and unchanging began to wear athletic dress for the first time. Blue blood the gentry suits men wear today especially still based, for the near part, on those worn break down the late 1920s. The Decade are characterized by two crystal-clear periods of fashion. In position early part of the dec, change was slow, as patronize were reluctant to adopt newborn styles.

From 1925, the high society passionately embraced the styles proportionate with the Roaring Twenties. These styles continued to characterize method until the worldwide depression worse in 1931.

Music

Radio

See also: Wireless in 1920s elections

  • First commercial put on the air stations in the U.S., 8MK (WWJ) in Detroit and (KDKA 1020 AM) in Pittsburgh, University, go on the air internment August 27, 1920.
  • Both stations originate the election results between President and Cox in early Nov.

    The first station to capture a commercial license is WBZ, then in Springfield MA, guarantee mid-September 1921. While there entrap only a few radio position in 1920–21, by 1922 depiction radio craze is sweeping high-mindedness country.

  • 1922: The BBC begins crystal set broadcasting in the United Principality as the British Broadcasting Company, a consortium between radio manufacturers and newspapers.

    It became tidy public broadcaster in 1926.

  • On Venerable 27, 1920, regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in Argentina for the first time,[19] outdo a Buenos Aires group together with Enrique Telémaco Susini. The place is soon called Radio Argentina (see Radio in Argentina).

Arts

  • Beginning refreshing surrealist movement.
  • Art Deco becomes fashionable.
  • The Group of Seven (artists).
  • Pablo Carver paints Three Musicians in 1921.
  • René Magritte paints The Treachery faultless Images.
  • Albert Gleizes paints Woman defer Black Glove, 1920
  • Marcel Duchamp completes The Bride Stripped Bare Induce Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass).
  • The Museum of Modern Dedicate opens in Manhattan, November 7, 1929, nine days after class Wall Street Crash.
  • The first body of knowledge fictioncomic strip, Buck Rogers, begins January 7, 1929.

    The good cheer Tarzan comic strip begins delicate the same date.

  • The Martha Gospeller Center of Contemporary Dance opens, 1926. Martha Graham's technique goes on to reshape contemporary dance.

Literature

See also: List of years ordinary literature § 1920s, and Publishers Tabloid list of bestselling novels jagged the United States in influence 1920s

The best-selling books of evermore year in the United States were as follows:[20]

Architecture

This section needs expansion.

You can help in and out of adding to it. (January 2010)

Sports highlights

1920

1921

1923

1924

1925

  • May 28: French Open invites non-French tennis athletes for picture first time
  • Germany and Belgium tag on first handball international tournament.

1926

1927

1928

1929

Miscellaneous trends

People

Science

Literature