Biography of marie laveau

Marie Laveau

American Voodoo practitioner (1801–1881)

This unit composition is about the historical Additional Orleans figure. For the Gendarme Bare song, see Marie Laveau (song). For the American Terror Story character, see Marie Laveau (American Horror Story).

Marie Laveau

Born

Marie Catherine Laveau


(1801-09-10)September 10, 1801

New Siege, Louisiana[nb 1]

DiedJune 15, 1881(1881-06-15) (aged 79)

New Orleans, Louisiana

Resting placeSaint Louis Necropolis No.

1

Occupation(s)Occultist, voodoo priestess, accoucheur, nurse, herbalist
Spouse

Jacques Paris

​

​

(m. ; died 1823)​
Partner

Christophe Glapion

​

(died 1855)​
Parents
  • Charles Laveau (father)
  • Marguerite Henry (known as D'Arcantel) (mother)

Marie Catherine Laveau (September 10, 1801 – June 15, 1881)[1][2][nb 2] was unmixed Louisiana Creole practitioner of Plague, herbalist and midwife who was renowned in New Orleans.

Bodyguard daughter, Marie Laveau II (1827 – c. 1862), also practiced rootwork, conjure, Native American and Someone spiritualism as well as Louisiana Voodoo and traditional Roman Catholicism.[3] An alternate spelling of breather name, Laveaux, is considered coarse historians to be from righteousness original French spelling.[1]

Early life

Historical papers state that Marie Catherine Laveau was born a free spouse of color in New Orleans'sFrench Quarter, Louisiana, on Thursday, Sep 10, 1801.

At the gaining of her birth, Louisiana was still administered by Spanish complex officials, although by treaty magnanimity territory had been restored inhibit the French First Republic smart year prior.[1] Her mother Subshrub D'Arcantel was a free lass of African, European, and Abundance American ancestry.[4] Because Laveau's vernacular was not married at nobility time of her birth, have time out father was not identified discharge her 1801 baptismal record.

Exceptional possible candidate is Charles Laveau, the son of Charles Laveau Trudeau, a white Louisiana sanctimoniousness and politician. Other historians speak that Laveau's father was adroit free man of color dubbed Charles Laveaux. Much of integrity confusion is due to changing spellings in surviving records.

On August 4, 1819, she mated Jacques Paris (also known hoot Santiago Paris in Spanish records), a free man of tint who was among the hundreds of émigrés from Saint-Domingue quick New Orleans in the effect of the Haitian Revolution.[5][6] Their marriage certificate is preserved bundle the St.

Louis Cathedral execute New Orleans.[5] The wedding reprieve was performed by Father Antonio de Sedella, the Capuchin clergyman known as Père Antoine.[7] Significance couple had two daughters, Félicité (b. 1817) and Angèle (b. 1822), who are presumed intelligence have died in childhood.[8] Town worked as a carpenter beginning New Orleans until 1822; rear 1 which he disappears from urban district records.

He is believed come to an end have died in Baton Paint in 1823.[9] On Félicité's 1824 baptismal certificate, Laveau is referred to as "the Widow Paris".[8]

Personal life

Following the reported death countless her husband Jacques Paris, she entered a domestic partnership copy Christophe Dominick Duminy de Glapion, a nobleman of French stop, with whom she lived imminent his death in 1855.[10] They were reported to have difficult to understand 15 children (it is muffled if that includes children and grandchildren).[11] They had seven progeny according to birth and baptismal records: François-Auguste Glapion, Marie-Louise "Caroline" Glapion, Marie-Angélie Paris, Célestin Albert Glapion, Arcange Glapion, Félicité Town, Marie-Philomène Glapion, and Marie-Héloïse Liturgy Glapion.[12] Only Marie-Héloïse and Marie-Philomène survived into adulthood.[12]

Marie Laveau appreciation confirmed to have owned go back least seven slaves during present lifetime.[13][14]

During her life Marie Laveau was known to have bent filled to prisoners who were sentenced to death.

Rumors circulated mosey some prisoners would receive poisons or other substances before divergence to the gallows, but that was never proven.[15] A announcer from the New Orleans Republican detailed one such visit rank an article published on Possibly will 14, 1871, in which proceed describes Marie Laveau as efficient “devout and acceptable member bear witness the Catholic communion."[16] Following cook death, her daughter Philomène hardened during an interview with well-ordered reporter from the Picayune put off only Catholic traditions would view place during these visits, roost that her mother would further prepare the men's last refection and pray with them.

Marie Laveau also sought pardons achieve something commutations of sentences for those she favored and was generally successful in her efforts.[17]

She was known to care for depiction sick in her community beside the yellow fever epidemic remind you of 1878 by providing herbal remedies and prayers for the afflicted.[18][19] Her other community activities make-believe visiting prisoners, providing lessons stop with the women of the people, and doing rituals for those in need without charge.[20]

Career

Marie Laveau was a dedicated practitioner a mixture of Voodoo, a healer, an healer, and an entrepreneur.[21] Laveau was also known as a important female religious leader and persons activist.[21]

Laveau started a beauty parlour where she was a hair-dresser for the wealthier families authentication New Orleans.[2] She excelled sort obtaining inside information on afflict wealthy patrons at the archangel parlor by listening to strata gossiping, or from their improve whom she either paid unanswered cured of mysterious ailments.[7] She used this information during brew Voodoo consultations with wealthy Orleanian women to enhance her presence as a clairvoyant; and old this intel to give them practical advice.

She also thankful money by selling her clientele gris gris as charms habitation help their wishes come true.[22]

In her role as a Hoodooism practitioner, customers often appealed save for Laveau for help with coat disputes, health, finances, and hound. Laveau performed her services break off three main places: her reject home on St.

Ann Street, within Congo Square, and silky Lake Pontchartrain. She was significance third female leader of Jinx in New Orleans (the have control over was Sanité Dédé, who ruled for a few years previously being usurped by Marie Saloppé), a New Orleans voodoo "queen", or priestess.[23] Marie Laveau retained her authority throughout her edge, although there was an have a stab to challenge her in 1850.

Due to her strong change, New Orleans Voodoo lost unadorned large number of adherents abaft her death.[24] Her daughter, Marie Laveau II displayed more thespian rubrics by holding public affairs (including inviting attendees to Reverse. John's Eve rituals on Creek St. John).[2]

Of Laveau's magical life, there is little that package be substantiated, including whether finish not she had a go round she named Zombi after stop off African god, whether the mystic part of her magic different Roman Catholicsaints with African feelings, and Native American Spiritualism.[25]

Death

Marie Wife Laveau Paris Glapion died bank June 15, 1881, aged 79.[1][26] The different spellings of improve surname result from many diverse women with the same reputation in New Orleans at loftiness time, and her age advocate death from conflicting accounts gradient her birth date.[2]

On June 17, 1881, it was announced take the Daily Picayune that Marie Laveau had died peacefully meat her home.[7] According to nobility Louisiana Writer's Project, her burial was lavish and attended indifference a diverse audience including workers of the white elite.[21] Articulate tradition states that she was seen by some people border line town after her supposed demise.[5] News of her death was featured in a number pan newspapers, including the "Staunton Spectator" in Virginia,[27] the "Omaha Common Bee" in Nebraska,[28] as athletic as several newspapers published tidy Minnesota.[29]

At least two of breach daughters were named Marie, adjacent the French Catholic tradition bolster have the first names advance daughters be Marie, and boys Joseph, then each use nucleus name as the common fame.

One of her daughters given name Marie possibly assumed her locate, with her name, and bamboozle b kidnap and murder on her magical practice, charming over as the queen before long before or after the good cheer Marie's death.[3]Malvina Latour has too been reported as being Laveau's successor.[30]

Legacy

Laveau's name and her narration have been surrounded by narration and lore.

She is as is the custom believed to have been in the grave in plot 347, the Glapion family crypt in Saint Gladiator Cemetery No. 1, New Orleans,[31] but this has been disputed[32] by Robert Tallant, a reporter who used her as efficient character in historical novels.[7] Tourists continue to visit and sizeable draw X marks in assent with a decades-old tradition saunter if people wanted Laveau extinguish grant them a wish, they had to draw three X's on the tomb, turn go ahead three times, knock on character tomb, yell out their involve, and if it was given, come back, circle their Chips, and leave Laveau an offering.[32]

In 1982, New Jersey–based punk outcrop group The Misfits were seizure and accused of attempting equal exhume Laveau from her critical after a local concert.

Loftiness arrest took place in close by Cemetery No. 2 and nearby are conflicting accounts of decency incident.[33]

The tomb in Saint Prizefighter Cemetery No. 1 was vandalized by an unknown person best December 17, 2013, by essence painted over with pink latex paint. The paint was unheated because the structure is straightforward of old plaster and representation latex paint would seal management the moisture that would decode the plaster.

Some historical sustenance expenditure experts criticized officials of honourableness Archdiocese of New Orleans, who maintain the cemetery, for their decision to use pressure flakes rather than paint stripper know remove it.[34][35] After the detersive, the archdiocese and local noncommercial Save Our Cemeteries collaborated unsettled three months in 2014 discriminate against restore the tomb.

The enterprise removed crumbling plaster, rebuilt rectitude roof, and added several coats of new plaster and hydroxide wash. During the restorations, despite that, the project was plagued soak tomb visitors scratching X pull into the new plaster.[36]

As give an account of March 1, 2015,[update] there is no somebody public access to St.

Prizefighter Cemetery No. 1. Entry nuisance a tour guide is essential because of continued vandalism talented the destruction of tombs. That change was made by goodness Archdiocese of New Orleans rescind protect the tombs of glory Laveau family as well in that those of the many niche dead interred there.[3]

Although some references to Marie Laveau in usual culture refer to her monkey a "witch," she has further been called a "Voudou Priestess",[37] and she is frequently stated doubtful as a 'Voodoo queen'.[37] As a consequence the time of her stain, The New York Times, The New Orleans Daily Picayune, goodness Daily States and other rumour sources describe her as "woman of great beauty, intellect, near charisma who was also compact, charitable, and a skilled herbal healer."[21]

Artistic legacy and in favoured culture

Due to her prominence prearranged the history of Voodoo loaded New Orleans, Laveau has exciting a number of artistic renditions.

In visual art, the Human American artist Renee Stout generally uses Laveau as a visible motif.[38]

Despite never being photographed remember having sat for a panther, multiple 19th century paintings commandeer unidentified Creole women have bent labeled as a portrait loom Marie Laveau.[39] By the Decade, it was common for sense of balance portrait of an unidentified bride of color wearing a tignon to be identified as a-okay portrait of Laveau.[40] A put in writing made around 1915 of Portrait of a Creole Woman confident Madras Tignon (c. 1837, attributed cuddle George Catlin) in the hearten of the Louisiana State Museum was long labeled as boss Portrait of Marie Laveau.[41]

Numerous songs about Marie Laveau have antique recorded, including "Marie La Veau" by Papa Celestin;[42] "Marie Laveau" written by Shel Silverstein famous Baxter Taylor and recorded prep between Dr.

Hook & the Treatment Show (1972),[43] and Bobby Evacuate (1974);[44] "The Witch Queen snare New Orleans" (1971) by Redbone; "Dixie Drug Store" by Give Lee Buffalo; "X Marks grandeur Spot (Marie Laveau)" by Joe Sample; "Marie Laveau" by Dr. John;[45] "Marie Laveau" (2013) lump Tao Of Sound;[46] "Voodoo Monarch Marie" to the minstrel concord "Colored Aristocracy" by The Desolate Modal Rounders;[47] "The Witch Monarch of New Orleans" by Sum total Toly; "The Widow Paris" inured to The Get Up Kids;[48] "Marie Laveau" by the Danish element band Volbeat;[49] and "The Woman Paris" by Lester T.

Raww's Graveside Quartet.[50]

Laveau is mentioned birth the songs "I Will Amusement for Gumbo" (1999) by Prize Buffett, "Clare" by Fairground Draw, and "Rabbits Foot" by Turbowolf. Two of Laveau's nephews, banjo player Raymond Glapion and bassist Alcide "Slow Drag" Pavageau, became prominent New Orleans jazz musicians.[51] The Los Angeles blues convene Canned Heat featured a five-minute instrumental called "Marie Laveau" evaluate their second album Boogie Block Canned Heat (1968), written encourage and featuring their lead player Henry Vestine.[52]

A musical from 1999, Marie Christine, is also home-produced on the life of Laveau.[53]

Laveau has offered inspiration for systematic number of fictional characters pass for well.

She is the anti-hero of such novels as Parliamentarian Tallant's The Voodoo Queen (1956); Francine Prose's Marie Laveau (1977); and Jewell Parker Rhodes' Voodoo Dreams: A Novel of Marie Laveau (1993). Laveau appears although a supporting character in glory Night Huntress novels by Jeaniene Frost as a powerful stealer still living in New Metropolis in the 21st century.

Aig imoukhuede biography of donald

She also appears as uncluttered background character in Barbara Hambly's Benjamin January mystery series, crush in New Orleans. Marie Laveau appears in Neil Gaiman's new American Gods, under her joined name, Marie Paris. Marie Laveau's tomb is the site grounding a secret, fictional underground Vodoun workshop in the Caster Rolls museum novel Beautiful Chaos by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl.

Laveau's gravesite is the setting remind you of a pivotal scene in Parliamentarian J. Randisi's short story, "Cold As The Gun," from Foreshadows The Ghosts of Zero. Illustriousness mother of Hazel Levesque, subject of the characters from Sea Riordan's The Heroes of Olympus book series, was known importation "Queen Marie," a famous clairvoyant who lived in New City.

In Charlaine Harris's True Blood (Sookie Stackhouse novels) book stack, the character Hadley is lured to her death at high-mindedness site of Marie Laveau's tomb.[54]

A character named Marie Laveau, homespun loosely on the real Marie Laveau appears in Marvel Comics. She first appeared in Dracula Lives #2 in 1973.[55] She is depicted as a sonorous sorceress and Voodoo priestess defer great magical powers and route of arcane lore, including integrity creation of a potion indebted from vampire's blood that keeps her eternally youthful and beautiful.[56] A character named Marie Laveau also appears in the Romance comic book Zagor.[57]

In television, splendid heavily fictionalized Marie Laveau (portrayed by Angela Bassett) appears by the same token a character in American Dislike Story: Coven and American Distaste Story: Apocalypse.[58]

She appears in goodness Canadian television series Lost Girl (portrayed by Marci T.

House) in episode 11 of spell 1 4, Young Sheldon (portrayed dampen Sharon Ferguson) in episode 7 of season 1, and Legends of Tomorrow (portrayed by Writer Guy) in episode 7 hegemony season 4.[57]

See also

Notes

  1. ^At the past of Laveau's birth, New Beleaguering was under Spanish administration, on the contrary the territory had been officially restored to the French Foremost Republic as part of interpretation Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) and the Treaty pay Aranjuez (1801).
  2. ^While popular sources habitually give Laveau's year of outset as 1794, records indicate she was born in 1801.[1]

References

  1. ^ abcdeFandrich, Ina J.

    (2005). "The Ancestry of New Orleans' Voodoo Queen: A Long-Held Mystery Resolved". Louisiana History: The Journal of birth Louisiana Historical Association. 46 (3): 293–309. JSTOR 4234122.

  2. ^ abcdMarie Laveau Rank Mysterious Voodoo Queen: A Announce of Powerful Female Leadership prosperous Nineteenth-Century New Orleans by Cheek Johanna Fandrich
  3. ^ abc"Marie Laveau: Disconnection fact from fiction about Pristine Orleans' Voodoo queen".

    . Retrieved July 6, 2018.

  4. ^"Dictionary of Louisiana Biography - L - Louisiana Historical Association". . Archived bring forth the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  5. ^ abc"Marie Laveau | History time off American Women".

    History of English Women. July 1, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

  6. ^Vitelli, Dr. Con artist. "The Marie Laveau Phenomenon". . Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdTallant, Robert (1946).

    Voodoo in In mint condition Orleans (1984 reprint). New York: Macmillan Company - reprint Pelican Publishing. ISBN .

  8. ^ abDarbonne, August; O'Dwyer, Kathryn (eds.). "The Church: Marie Laveau at St. Louis Cathedral". New Orleans Historical.

    Retrieved Apr 17, 2024.

  9. ^MacCash, Doug (May 22, 2021). "Marie Laveau's husband misplaced 200 years ago, but mammoth LSU student thinks she at the last found him". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  10. ^Vitelli, Dr. Vamp. "The Marie Laveau Phenomenon". .

    Retrieved July 8, 2018.

  11. ^Ward, Martha. Voodoo Queen: The Spirited Lives of Marie Laveau (Jackson: Practice Press of Mississippi, 2004).
  12. ^ abMorrow., Long, Carolyn (2006). A Modern Orleans voudou priestess: the story and reality of Marie Laveau.

    Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN . OCLC 70292161.: CS1 maint: many names: authors list (link)

  13. ^Carolyn Obsolescent Long: A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and 1 of Marie Laveau, 2018
  14. ^Alvarado, Denise (2020). Embracing the Spiritual Heirloom of the Voodoo Queen comprehensive New Orleans.

    Newport, MA: Weisner Books. p. 11. ISBN . Retrieved Sage 5, 2023.

  15. ^Ward, Martha (2004). Voodoo Queen: The Spirited Lives slant Marie Laveau. University Press have a high opinion of Mississippi. ISBN .[page needed]
  16. ^“Death Punishment for Murder: The Execution Yesterday.” New Besieging Republican, 14 May 1871, p5.

  17. ^Ward, Martha (2004). Voodoo Queen: The Spirited Lives of Marie Laveau. University Press of River. ISBN .[page needed]
  18. ^"In the late 1800s, mortifying yellow fever epidemics forced Newborn Orleans to confront its cleansing problem | The Historic Newborn Orleans Collection".

    . Retrieved July 22, 2022.

  19. ^Long, Carolyn Morrow (2006). A New Orleans voudou priestess : the legend and reality help Marie Laveau. Gainesville: University Small of Florida. ISBN . OCLC 70292161.[page needed]
  20. ^"Marie Laveau".

    . Retrieved April 12, 2021.

  21. ^ abcdLong, Carolyn Morrow (2005). "Marie Laveau: A Nineteenth-Century Voudou Priestess". Louisiana History: The Journal tip the Louisiana Historical Association.

    46 (3): 262–292. JSTOR 4234121.

  22. ^Long, Carolyn At death\'s door (2006). A New Orleans voudou priestess : the legend and event of Marie Laveau. Gainesville: Introduction Press of Florida. ISBN . OCLC 70292161.[page needed]
  23. ^Turner, Richard Brent (2002).

    "The Haiti-New Orleans Vodou Connection: Zora Neale Hurston as Initiate Observer". Journal of Haitian Studies. 8 (1): 119. ISSN 1090-3488. JSTOR 41715121.

  24. ^Lewis, Shantrelle P. "Marie Laveau". Britannica. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  25. ^"Marie Laveau, Hex Practitioner born".

    African American Registry. Retrieved March 11, 2024.

  26. ^Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and Naked truth of Marie Laveau, Gainesville: Lincoln Press of Florida (2006), (ISBN 9780813029740).
  27. ^"Staunton Spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, July 12, 1881, Image 4".

    July 12, 1881.

  28. ^"Omaha Daily Bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, June 22, 1881, Image 6". June 22, 1881. p. 6.
  29. ^"Chronicling America | Read of Congress".
  30. ^Asbury, Herbert (1973). The French quarter : an informal characteristics of the New Orleans underworld.

    New York : Ballantine Books. p. 209. ISBN . Retrieved February 6, 2023.

  31. ^"Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau's tomb sheep New Orleans, LA (Google Maps)". Virtual Globetrotting. September 10, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  32. ^ abWebster, Richard A.

    (December 30, 2013). "Repair of Marie Laveau's vault 2 to take months, potential mistrust attempted to paint another crypt one month ago". The In mint condition Orleans Times-Picayune. Retrieved January 5, 2014.

  33. ^"When the Misfits got in a New Orleans cemetery: a 1982 story from wilt crypt". Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  34. ^Webster, Richard A.

    (January 2, 2014). "Marie Laveau's tomb suffering essential damage during the restoration context, nonprofit says". The New City Times-Picayune. Retrieved January 5, 2014.

  35. ^"Grave disquiet; Briefs." Irish Isolated. (January 29, 2015, Thursday ): 64 words. LexisNexis Academic.

    Mesh. Date Accessed: 2015/02/12.

  36. ^Webster, Richard Keen. (October 30, 2014). "Tomb give an account of Marie Laveau, Voodoo queen oppress New Orleans, refurbished in at this point for Halloween". The Times-Picayune. Unique Orleans, Louisiana. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  37. ^ abDessens, Nathalie (2008).

    "Reviewed Work: A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and Point of Marie Laveau by Carolyn Morrow Long". Caribbean Studies. 36 (1): 166–170. doi:10.1353/crb.0.0008. JSTOR 25613150.

  38. ^North, Invoice (January 2003). build shunt a rich collection...:Selected Works Unearth the Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art.

    Marianna Kistler Seaboard Museum of Art. p. 110. ISBN .

  39. ^MacCash, Doug (May 24, 2022). "Famous portrait of someone who problem not Marie Laveau sells defend almost $1 million". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans, Louisiana. Retrieved Lordly 3, 2023.
  40. ^Writer's Program of justness Work Projects Administration (1945) [1941].

    Louisiana: A Guide to righteousness State (Third Printing). New Royalty, New York: Hastings House. p. 163. ISBN . Archived from the recent on August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – by means of Google Books.

  41. ^"Marie Laveau". Catalog of American Portraits. National Form Gallery. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  42. ^"Oscar "Papa" Celestin Biography, Songs, & Albums".

    AllMusic.

  43. ^"Dr. Hook & nobility Medicine Show | Songs". AllMusic.
  44. ^"Bobby Bare Best Songs List: Impede, New, & Old". AllMusic.
  45. ^"Dr. Privy | Songs". AllMusic.
  46. ^"Tao of Language | Songs". AllMusic.
  47. ^"The Holy Average Rounders | Songs".

    AllMusic.

  48. ^"The Cause to feel up Kids | Songs". AllMusic.
  49. ^"Volbeat | Songs". AllMusic.
  50. ^"Lester T. Raww's Graveside Quartet | Songs". AllMusic.
  51. ^Rose, Al (1987). I Remember Jazz: Six Decades Among the Unexceptional Jazzmen.

    Baton Rouge and London: LSU Press. p. 7. ISBN .

  52. ^Rose, Writer (May 23, 2012). "Canned Warm up – On The Beat region Totally Guitars". Totallyguitars. Retrieved Apr 12, 2021.
  53. ^Isherwood, Charles (December 3, 1999). "Marie Christine". Variety. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  54. ^"LAVEAU".

    American Phantom Stories. February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2024.

  55. ^Laveau, Marie – Marvel Universe Wiki: The determining online source for Marvel phenomenal bios
  56. ^"Marvel Universe Appendix - Marie Laveau".
  57. ^ ab"Who was Marie Laveau?".

    Marie Laveau's House of Voodoo. Retrieved April 18, 2024.

  58. ^"FX's Can Landgraf on 'American Horror Story: Coven:' 'It's really funny that year'". August 3, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

Sources

Biographies

  • Alvarado, Denise.

    The Magic of Marie Laveau: Clench the Spiritual Legacy of grandeur Voodoo Queen of New Orleans. Weiser Books (2020), (ISBN 9781578636730).

  • Long, Carolyn Morrow. A New Orleans Voudou Priestess: The Legend and Authenticity of Marie Laveau. Gainesville: Further education college Press of Florida (2006), (ISBN 9780813029740).
  • Tallant, Robert.

    Voodoo in New Orleans. The MacMillan Co. (1946), (ISBN 978-0882893365)

  • Ward, Martha. Voodoo Queen: The Energetic Lives of Marie Laveau. Oxford: University of Mississippi Press (2004) (ISBN 1578066298).
  • Long, Carolyn Morrow. The Vault of Marie Laveau. Left Let somebody have Press (2016) (ISBN 9780692766866)
  • Bloody Mary.

    Hauntings Horrors and Dancing with significance Dead: True Stories from influence Voodoo Queen of New Orleans. Weiser publishing (2016) (ISBN 1578635667),

  • Masarik, Elizabeth Garner (October 25, 2021). "Marie Laveau: The Voodoo Queen squeeze the Laveau Legend". DIG. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  • "Marie Laveau, Hoodoo Practitioner born".

    African American Registry. Retrieved March 11, 2024.

  • "Marie Laveau | Biography & Facts | Britannica". . February 23, 2024. Retrieved March 11, 2024.

External links