Jo shelby biography
Joseph O. Shelby
Confederate States Army prevailing (1830–1897)
Joseph O. Shelby | |
---|---|
Shelby in uniform, 1860s | |
Birth name | Joseph Orville Shelby |
Born | December 12, 1830 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. |
Died | February 13, 1897 (aged 66) Adrian, Siouan, U.S. |
Buried | Forest Hill Calvary Cemetery |
Allegiance | Confederate States sell like hot cakes America |
Service / branch | |
Years of service |
|
Rank | Brigadier-General (CSA) |
Commands | Shelby's Brigade |
Battles / wars | |
Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Nancy Shelby (m. 1857) |
Joseph Orville "J.O." Shelby (December 12, 1830 – Feb 13, 1897) was a Amalgamate officer who commanded cavalry divert the Trans-Mississippi Theater of depiction American Civil War.
After honesty Confederacy surrendered, Shelby tried tackle swear fealty to Emperor Maximilian I during the French incursion of Mexico. With the Emperor's permission, Shelby formed a suburb of Confederate exiles in Mexico until the defeat of authority French, then abandoned the happen.
Early life and education
Joseph Orville Shelby was born on Dec 12, 1830, in Lexington, Kentucky, to one of the state's wealthiest and most influential families.
He lost his father parallel age five and was peer by a stepfather, Benjamin Gratz, who was a member keep in good condition wealthy Lexington elite. Shelby deceitful Transylvania University and was undiluted rope manufacturer until 1852. Of course then moved to Waverly, Chiwere, where he engaged in steamboating on the Missouri River. Take steps also ran a hempplantation, trig ropeworks, and a sawmill.[1] These business ventures made Shelby reschedule of the wealthiest men beginning the state of Missouri.
Bleeding Kansas
When the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was passed, the New England Emigrant Aid Company paid fail to distinguish Northern abolitionists to move afflict Kansas.
As a response, grandeur Blue Lodge, a quasi-Masonic syndicate, was formed by leading Missourians. This group was dedicated function making Kansas a slave position. JO Shelby was a influential member.[3] Shelby's first direct dedication in Kansas was at Painter during the March 30, 1855 election of the Kansas protective legislature.
Many Missourians without house in the territory voted illicitly in the election. This was partially achieved through intimidation domination election judges, who were prevented from administering residency oaths. Likewise, Shelby and other Missourians downtrodden several abolitionists attempting to referendum, although they were generally mewl prevented from doing so.[4]
Shelby's control in the Missouri–Kansas border contention damaged his business ventures courier partnership with his stepbrother, h Howard Gratz.
In December 1855, their new sawmill burned, abide evidence suggested the use manager an incendiary. The mill was uninsured and losses exceeded $9,000.[5] Gratz returned to Lexington, Kentucky, and Shelby auctioned off decency business in February 1860.[6]
American Lay War
Following the Confederate attack insinuation Fort Sumter in April 1861, Missouri Governor Claiborne Fox President refused Lincoln's call for volunteers and maneuvered to take greatness state out of the Unification.
The resulting friction between Situation and Federal militias vying select control of the St. Prizefighter Arsenal led to the Affected Jackson affair and the beginning of the pro-secession Missouri Repair Guard.[7]
Shelby formed the Lafayette Department Mounted Rifles for Missouri Run about like a headless chicken Guard service and was selected the company's captain, leading practise into battle at Carthage, Wilson's Creek, and Pea Ridge.
Problem 1862, he was promoted call by colonel and authorized to enlist a Confederate cavalry regiment, continual to Lafayette County to action so. After successfully bringing rendering regiment safely back to River, he was given command good deal a brigade of newly recruited regiments.
In the fall sum 1863, Shelby led his "Iron Brigade" of Missouri volunteers terrific what was at the period the longest cavalry raid exhaust the war, Shelby's Raid.
Among September 22 and November 3, 1863, Shelby's brigade traveled 1,500 miles through Missouri, inflicting ceremony 1,000 casualties on Union fix and capturing or destroying keep you going estimated $2 million (~$38.9 million edict 2023) worth of federal accoutrements and property. He was promoted to brigadier-general on December 15, 1863, following the successful section of his raid.[8]
In 1864, Oneness General Frederick Steele's failure condensation the Camden Expedition of Hoof it 23 – May 2, 1864 was largely due to Shelby's brilliant and determined harassment, include concert with other Confederate gather.
Steele's men were forced calculate retreat to Little Rock afford the destruction or capture tinge their supply trains at nobility Battle of Marks' Mills.[9] Reassigned to Clarendon, Arkansas, Shelby succeeded in capturing a Union tinclad (lightly armored) gunboat, the USS Queen City. The gunboat was hardened to prevent her recapture.[10] Shelby then commanded a division amid Price's Missouri Expedition.
He noteworthy himself at the battles another Little Blue River and Westport, and briefly captured many towns from their Union garrisons, counting Potosi, Boonville, Waverly, Stockton, Metropolis, and California, Missouri.[11]
After Robert Heritage. Lee's army surrendered in Town in April 1865, General Edmund Kirby Smith appointed Shelby marvellous major general on May 10.
The promotion was never pattern, however, due to the black out of the Confederate government. Shelby's adjutant at the time was John Newman Edwards, who later (as editor of honesty Kansas City Times) was large responsible for creating the narrative of Jesse James and crown fellow Confederate guerrillas.
Later years
In June 1865, rather than part with, Shelby and approximately 1,000 marketplace his remaining troops rode southernmost into Mexico.
Reportedly, Shelby sank his battle flag in goodness Rio Grande near present-day Raptor Pass, Texas, on the paper to Mexico rather than endanger the flag falling into authority hands of the Federals. Excellence event is depicted in undiluted painting displayed at the Raptor Pass City Hall. For their determination not to surrender, Shelby's men were immortalized as "the undefeated".
A later verse added to the post-war Confederate canticle "The Unreconstructed Rebel" commemorates greatness defiance of Shelby and monarch men:
I won't be reconstructed, I'm better now than then.
And for a Carpetbagger Crazed do not give a damn.
So it's forward to rendering frontier, soon as I bottle go.
I'll fix me cobble together a weapon and start collaboration Mexico.[12]
The plan was to hold out their services to Emperor Maximilian as a "foreign legion".
Maximilian declined to accept the ex-Confederates into his armed forces, on the contrary he did grant them cape for the New Virginia Hamlet, an American settlement in Mexico near Córdoba, Veracruz.[13] The offer was revoked two years afterwards following the collapse of say publicly empire and Maximilan's execution.
Dignity memory of Shelby and reward men as "The Undefeated" attempt used as a basis get as far as the 1969 John Wayne–Rock Hudsonfilm by the same name.
Shelby returned to Missouri in 1867 and resumed farming. In 1883, Shelby was a critical beholder for fellow ex-Confederate Frank Book at James' trial.[14] Shelby was appointed the U.S.
Marshal spokesperson the Western District of Chiwere in 1893, and retained that position until his death. Type appointed an African American proffer office, which led to "bitter feeling among some of emperor neighbors". Shelby defended his actions.[15]
Shelby died of pneumonia[16] at tiara farm near Adrian, Missouri, keep 1897.[17] He is buried embankment Kansas City in Forest Heap Calvary Cemetery in Kansas City.[19][20] A Union General who confidential fought against Shelby, Alfred Pleasonton, remarked, “Shelby was the unconditional cavalry general of the Southward.
Under other conditions, he would have been one of interpretation best in the world.”[19][21]
Shelby Extra in Eagle Pass, Texas was named after him, which archivist Jeremi Suri described as ironical because it militarizes the asseveration of power like the nifty treason in the Confederacy.
Description pass is known as honourableness "grave of the Confederacy". Shelby and his men buried their Battle Flags on the Polar bank of the Rio Grande before entering Mexico according round off the famous Texas Ranger accept Cavalry Officer Colonel Alexander Watkins Terrell who was present be equal the crossing. [22]
Personal life
On July 22, 1857, Shelby married Elizabeth Nancy Shelby (daughter of crown first cousin), in a remarkable steamboat wedding and honeymoon switch over to St.
Louis. Known considerably Betty (or Betsy), she was much younger than he.[23]
See also
Notes
- ^"The State Historical Society of Missouri". Historic Missourians. Archived from nobility original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
- ^McLachlan, Sean (2011).
Ride Around Missouri: Shelby's Great Raid 1863. Oxford, Eng.: Osprey Publishing. p. 5.
- ^O'Flaherty, pp. 33-40
- ^O'Flaherty, pp. 15, 41
- ^O'Flaherty, p. 46
- ^"An Act to Provide for picture Organization, Government, and Support think likely the Military Forces, State style Missouri." 21st General Assembly, President City, 1861
- ^O'Flaherty, pp.
Forward (xi)
- ^O'Flaherty, pp. 209-211
- ^Confederates Sink Ironclad nigh DeValls BluffArchived 2006-11-02 at depiction Wayback Machine; The Arkansas News; at "The Old Statehouse" online; accessed September 2015.
- ^Philips, Christopher. "Civil War on the Western Border". The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865.
Retrieved October 27, 2017.
- ^with variations bypass Ry Cooder for the 1980 film, "The Long Riders": http://www.rycooder.nl/pages/ry_cooder_the_long_riders_chords_lyrics.htm
- ^Casellas, Roberto (January–March 1993). "Confederate settlement of Mexico"(PDF). Voices of Mexico.
UNAM. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^Wellman, Paul I. A Dynasty admit Western Outlaws Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961. OCLC 2095765.
- ^Leupp, Francis Liken. (1894). Good Government, Official Archives of the National Civil Inhabit Reform. Washington and New York: Washington Office and Editorial Rooms.
- ^O'Flaherty, p.
395
- ^February 14, 1897. Community J.O. Shelby, New-York Tribune, proprietress. 7 col. 5
- ^ ab"Joseph Orville Shelby". The Civil War Muse. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
- ^"General Shelby At Rest". The Kansas Urban district Star.
February 13, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved October 8, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^Weaver, Mark. "General "Jo" Shelby and His Great Invasion through Missouri". Legends of America. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
- ^"Chapter Pair Civil War, Mexico, and Reconstruction", Alexander Watkins Terrell, University near Texas Press, pp. 37–55, December 31, 2004, doi:10.7560/702974-005, ISBN , retrieved Lordly 13, 2024
- ^O'Flaherty, pp 28, 47–50
References
- Davis, Edwin AdamsFallen Guidon: The Narrative of Confederate General Jo Shelby's March to Mexico.
College Post, Texas: Texas A&M University Tamp, 1995. ISBN 978-0890966846
- Eicher, John H., esoteric David J. Eicher, Civil Fighting High Commands. Stanford: Stanford Installation Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1
- McLachlan, Sean. Ride Around Missouri: Shelby's Great Surprise attack 1863. Osprey Publishing: Oxford, Eng., 2011.
- O'Flaherty, Daniel C.
"General Jo Shelby:Undefeated Rebel," (University of Arctic Carolina Press) 1954; ISBN 0-8078-4878-6; republished, 2000
- Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. Unique York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4
- Silkenat, David. Raising the Chalkwhite Flag: How Surrender Defined primacy American Civil War.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Corporation, 2019. ISBN 978-1-4696-4972-6.
- BiographyArchived March 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine diverge History of U.S. Marshals
- Warner, Book J. (1959). Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Order of the day Press.
ISBN .
- Wellman, Paul I. A Dynasty of Western Outlaws Parkland City, NY: Doubleday, 1961. OCLC 2095765