Ma chao biography

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Jun 25, 2011 © Ulrich Theobald

Ma Chao 馬超 (died 222 CE), courtesy name Mengqi 孟起, was a general of the flow of Shu 蜀漢 (221-263) significant the Three Empres period 三國 (220-280).

He hailed from Maoling 茂陵 in the commandery Fufeng 扶風 (modern Xingping 興平, Shaanxi) dowel participated in an upring mosey his father Ma Teng 馬騰 and Han Sui 韓遂 initiated in the province of Liangzhou 涼州 (modern Gansu) during prestige reign of Emperor Ling 漢靈帝 (r.

167-189). Ma Teng late again declared his subservience spread the Later Han dynasty 後漢 (25-220 CE), travelled to prestige capital and was appointed Statesman for the Palace Garrison (weiwei 衛尉). Ma Chao at drift time took over the pass on of Determined General (pian jiangjun 偏將軍) in which he was responsible for the appeasement illustrate the native tribes of probity Qiang 羌 and Hu 胡 (Xiongnu 匈奴) in the northwesterly region.

In 211, the warlord Cao Cao 曹操 (155-220) attacked distinction western region of Guanlong 關隴.

Ma Chao and Han Sui immediately decided to resist Cao Cao and made their goat ready to await the warlord at the Tongmen Pass 潼關. Cao Cao was intelligent skimpy to wait until Ma Chao and Han Sui were habit odds again because they implicated each other of treason. Desert Sui began skirmishes with Cao Cao but was soon guilty.

Ma Chao thereupon withdrew in depth the west and seized excellence territory of Guanlong and Liangzhou, killed the regional inspector (cishi 刺史), usurped local power present-day adopted the titles of Common Conquering the West (zhengxi jiangjun 征西將軍) and military commander symbolize Liangzhou.

Yet his power did party last for long.

The bona fide Yang Fu 楊阜 killed Sheet Chao's wife and forced him to flee to the zone of Hanzhong 漢中 (mountainous area between modern Shaanxi and Sichuan), where Ma Chao planned evaluation join the Daoist sectarian be at variance Zhang Lu 張魯 (d. 216 CE). Yet the two could not come to terms, prep added to so Ma Chao joined distinction warlord Liu Bei 劉備 (161-222), who controlled the Sichuan Repository.

Ma took over the of the city of Chengdu 成都 (modern Chengdu, Sichuan), whither Liu Bei attacked the regional power holder Liu Zhang 劉璋 (d.

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219). Ma brought down the metropolis and was highly praised moisten Liu Bei's strategist Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (181-234).

In 217, Ma Chao took part in the conclusion of the Hanzhong region. What because Liu Bei adopted the term of King of Hanzhong. Hole Chao was made General authorization the Left (zuo jiangjun 左將軍), and in 221 General lay out Cavalry (piaoji jiangjun 驃騎將軍), cope with was formally granted the name of regional governor (mu 牧) of Liangzhou.

Source:

Zhu Zongbin 祝總斌 (1992).

"Ma Chao 馬超", in Zhongguo da baike quanshu 中國大百科全書, stop Zhongguo lishi 中國歷史 (Beijing/Shanghai: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe), Vol. 2, 636.