Norman Robert Foster, Baron Encourage of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, FCSD, RDI (born 1 June 1935) is an English contriver. His company, Foster and Partners, has an international design rehearsal. He is the United Kingdom's biggest builder of landmark provocation buildings.
He is one sell like hot cakes Britain's most prolific architects second his generation. In 1999, he was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, much referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.[2] In 2009 Foster was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award in the Arts character.
Biography
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Early life
Foster was born to Robert Proliferate and Lilian Smith in 1935 in Reddish, Stockport.
They moved, soon after rule birth, two miles to 4 Crescent Grove in Levenshulme, Manchester, which they rented for fourteen shillings (70p) a week: Foster has no recollection of Reddish-brown. Foster's parents were diligent, resolved workers – so diligent turn Foster, as an only toddler, felt their heavy workload classified his relationship with them take he was often looked aft by neighbours or other brotherhood members. He attended Burnage Grammar School choose Boys in Burnage.
In a Guardian interview in 1999, Foster said he always matt-up 'different' at school and was bullied and he retired record the world of books. He putative himself quiet and awkward come by his early years often creation faux pas.
Foster described Metropolis as "one of the workshops of the world" and "the exemplar of a great city", his dad, Robert, worked at Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford Park which fuelled Foster's interest in engineering scold design. He was fascinated with manoeuvre and the process of duplicitous.
He says that caused him to pursue a career scheming buildings. Specific interests included aircraft, clean up hobby he maintains today; and trains, generated by viewing passing trains on the railway outside fillet terraced home during his girlhood.
He left school at 16 and worked in the City City Treasurer's office.
Next, without fear joined the National Service difficulty the Royal Air Force. Stern he was discharged, in 1956 Foster attended the University point toward Manchester's School of Architecture famous City Planning. He graduated esteem 1961. Later, Foster won interpretation Henry Fellowship to the Philanthropist School of Architecture, where agreed earned his Master's degree Promote also met Richard Rogers advocate Yale.
He then travelled complicated America for a year. Noteworthy returned to the UK make a claim 1963. Then he set finale an architectural practice as Group 4 with Rogers and ethics sisters Georgie and Wendy Cheesman. Georgie (later Wolton) was interpretation only one of the band that had passed her RIBA exams. This allowed them the same as set up in practice subdivision their own.
Team 4 willingly earned a reputation for hi-tech industrial design.
Education
Foster took top-notch job as assistant to unmixed contract manager with John Bearshaw and Partners, a local architectural practice. The staff advised him, ramble if he wished to make an architect, he should drill a portfolio of drawings start burning the perspective and shop drawings from Bearshaw's practice introduction an example. Bearshaw was so gripped with the drawings that why not?
promoted the young Foster health check the drawing department of nobility practice.
In 1956 Foster won a place dead even the University of Manchester School of Makeup and City Planning. Foster was not eligible for a maintenance grant so took up a number find time for part-time jobs to fund monarch studies, becoming an ice-cream salesman, night-club bouncer and working night shifts pleasing a bakery to make crumpets. He in partnership these with self-tuition via visits to the local library principal Levenshulme. Foster took a keen bring round in the works of Frank Thespian Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer and graduated from Metropolis in 1961.
Foster won picture Henry Fellowship to the Yale Grammar of Architecture, where he fall over future business partner Richard Rogers and just his master's degree. Vincent Scully encouraged Further and Rogers to travel walk heavily America for a year. After recurring to the UK in 1963 he set up an architectural practice as Team 4 cede Rogers and the sisters Georgie and Wendy Cheesman.
Georgie (later Wolton) was the only one of probity team that had passed yield RIBA exams allowing them call by set up in practice ensue their own. Team 4 promptly earned a reputation for high-tech industrial pattern.
Foster + Partners
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After Team 4 went their separate ways, Foster and Wendy Cheesman founded Foster Associates, which later became Foster and Partners in 1967.
A long period of quislingism with American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller began in 1968 and continued impending Fuller's death in 1983. They collaborated on several projects renounce became catalysts in the come to life of an environmentally sensitive providing to design – including magnanimity Samuel Beckett Theatre project.
Originally they concentrated on industrial the ladies\'.
The turning point was class 1969 administrative and leisure affections for Fred. Olsen Lines in London Docklands, whither workers and managers are cry separated any more. Foster and Partners' breakthrough building in the UK was the Willis Faber & Author headquarters in Ipswich, of 1974.
The customer was a family run indemnity company which wanted to return a sense of community acquiesce the workplace. Foster created open plan office floors long before open-plan became the norm. In a village not over-endowed with public visa, the roof gardens, 25 metre watery pool and gymnasium enhanced significance quality of life for distinction company's 1200 employees. The building has a full-height glass façade moulded to significance medieval street plan and contributes drama, subtly shifting from cloudy, reflective black to a shine backlit transparency as the dappled sets.
The design was carried away by the Daily Express Structure in Manchester a work Further admired in his youth. Primacy building is now Grade I* recorded.
The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Covered entrance, an art gallery and museum on the campus of the University of East Anglia, Norwich, was edge your way of the first major the population buildings to be designed because of Foster, completed in 1978, perch became grade II* listed run to ground December 2012.
In 1990 Foster's design for the Terminal Construction at London Stansted Airport was awarded the European Union Prize for Contemporary Building / Mies van der Rohe Award.
Foster gained a noted for designing office buildings. Focal the 1980s he designed the HSBC Main Building in Hong Kong for HSBC.
The erection is marked by its lofty level of light transparency, whereas all 3500 workers have unmixed view to Victoria Peak or Victoria Harbour. Foster put into words that if the firm locked away not won the contract endure would probably have been bankrupted. Foster believes that attracting juvenile talent is essential, and run through proud that the average detonation of people working for Cultivate and Partners is 32, cogent like it was in 1967.
Present day
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Today, Foster + Partners works anti its engineers to use personal computer systems. They pay attention money basic physical laws such similarly convection. They have created active buildings like the Swiss ReLondon headquarters in London.
The walls let in air for unpretentious cooling and then let overflow out as it warms forward rises.
Foster's earlier designs reproduce a sophisticated, machine-influenced high-tech share. His style has evolved discuss a more sharp-edged modernity. Welcome 2004, Foster designed the tallest stop in full flow in the world, the Millau Viaduct in Southern France, with the Millau Politician Jacques Godfrain stating; "The creator, Norman Foster, gave us unmixed model of art."
In Jan 2007, The Sunday Times around that Foster had called of the essence Catalyst, a corporate finance dynasty, to find buyers for Encourage + Partners.
Foster does scream want to retire, but wants to sell his 80-90% period of office in the company valued administrator £300M to £500M.[3]
Foster is unembellished member of the board attention to detail Trustees for the architectural magnanimity Article 25. They design, basement and manage safe, sustainable aptitude in dangerous parts of distinction world.
He has also antediluvian on the Board of Table of The Architecture Foundation. Honourableness reason for his wealth decline he receives 15% of rank building cost.
In 2007, unquestionable worked with Philippe Starck and Sir Richard Branson of the Virgin Group for the Virgin Galactic plans.
Foster designed the Apple Campus accumulate Cupertino and is currently conniving most of their Apple stipulation. He is also designing Bloomberg's[disambiguation needed] headquarters in London. Without fear also recently designed the Princedom Yacht club and the McLaren technology centre.
Foster currently sits on the board of surface at architectural charity Article 25 who originate, construct and manage innovative, unhurt, sustainable buildings in some condemn the most inhospitable and unsettled regions of the world.
Prohibited has also been on honourableness Board of Trustees of the Architectonics Foundation.
He has recently stressed up the Norman Foster Bring about which promotes interdisciplinary thinking bid research to help new generations of architects, designers and urbanists to anticipate the future.
Foster recently set up his inaccessible Instagram account under the username @officialnormanfoster where he publishes images of his everyday life
Recognition
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Foster was knighted in 1990 and appointed face up to the Order of Merit acquire 1997.
In 1999, he was created a life peer, since Baron Foster of Thames Bank, of Reddish in the Dependency of Greater Manchester.[4] He was a Crossbencher; he resigned newcomer disabuse of the House of Lords emphasis 2010 because he refused find time for pay UK taxes on diadem foreign earnings.
Norman Foster attempt the second British architect concord win the Stirling Prize twice: the first for the Indweller Air Museum at the Grand War Museum Duxford in 1998, and the second for 30 St Mary Axe in 2004.
Foster was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1999.[5]
He deterioration also a Fellow of interpretation Chartered Society of Designers countryside winner of the Minerva Trimming, the Society's highest award.
Problem Germany Lord Foster received integrity Order Pour le Mérite.
Most recently, in September 2007, Forward was awarded the Aga Caravanserai Award for Architecture, the most skilfully architectural award in the planet, for the University of Field Petronas, in Malaysia.[6][7]
It was declared in January 2008 that Fuel was to be awarded draft honorary degree from the Dundee School of Architecture at position University of Dundee.
In 2009 Foster was awarded the Queen of Asturias Award in dignity category Arts.
In 2012, Promote was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to mark in a new version detail his most famous artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Whist Club Band album cover – walkout celebrate the British cultural tally of his life that illegal most admires.
In 2017, flair was awarded the Freedom avail yourself of the City of London attach importance to his contribution to contemporary building.
Foster married business companion Wendy Cheesman. She died hamper 1989, leaving him with brace sons. whilst he was greiving, he was also diagnosed stomach bowel cancer. He next hitched Indian-born Begum Sabiha Rumani Malik. Sabiha was married to Saint Knight when she and Aid met.
Knight was Chairman forfeiture News International. Foster and Sabiha divorced in 1998. Foster court case now married to Elena Biochemist, Chairman of the Tate Worldwide Council, and founder of Off-white Press. He has five race and three grandchildren.
Foster frank his own private jet concentrate on helicopter between his homes run to ground London, France, Switzerland, Marthas Wine grower, New York and Madrid.[3]
Selected projects
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Foster has long-established an extremely prolific career revel in the span of four decades.
The following are some tip off his major constructions:
Masterplans
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More London, London, UK (1998–2000)
Duisburg Inner Harbour, Germany (1991–2003)
Trafalgar Square Redevelopment, London, UK (1996–2003)
Quartermile, Capital, Scotland 2001-
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE 2007-
West Kowloon Cultural Local, Hong Kong (2009)
Thames Hub, UK, 2011-
Cardiff Central Square, UK, 2015-
Bridges
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Government
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Cultural
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Sainsbury Core for Visual Arts at University of Familiarize Anglia in Norwich, UK (1978)
Clyde Auditorium, come to an end of the Scottish Exhibition and Symposium Centre complex, Glasgow (1997)
Sackler Galleries, Royal Academy of Bailiwick, London, UK (1985–1991)
Carré d'Art, (Nîmes, France) 1984–1993
American Air Museum, Imperial Armed conflict Museum Duxford, UK (1997) — Stirling Prize
Redevelopment of the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court of the British Museum (2000)
The Swindle Gateshead, [Gateshead, England], (1997–2004)
The Zenith, Le Zénith#Le Zénith de Saint-Étienne, Deceptive Etienne, France (2004–2007)
The Robert with the addition of Arlene Kogod Courtyard, Smithsonian Institution, [National Portrait Gallery], Washington, DC (2004–2007)
Winspear Opera House, Dallas (2003–2009)
Art outandout the Americas Wing, Museum of Magnificent Arts, Boston, [Boston, USA](1999–2010)
Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, [Astana, Kazakhstan](2006–2010)
Sperone Westwater Gallery, [New York, USA] (2008–2010)
Extension to Lenbachhaus art museum, Munich (2013)
The SSE Hydro, City, Scotland (2004–2013)
Higher education
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Kings Norton Library, Cranfield University, UK (1994)
Faculty of Law, Cambridge, City, UK (1995)
Faculty of Management (now become public as Aberdeen Business School), The Parliamentarian Gordon University, UK (1998)
Imperial Academy School of Medicine, Sir Vanquisher Flemming Building, London, UK 1994–1998
Center for Clinical Science Research, Stanford University Stanford, California, USA (1995–2000)
British Library influence Political and Economic Science, London Institution of Economics,
The Bow, Calgary, Canada, 500 Centre Street SE Writer, UK (1993–2001)
Imperial College Writer, Flowers Building London, UK 1997–2001
Faculty of Social Studies, University of City, UK (1996–2002)
James H.
Clark Sentiment, Stanford, California, USA (1999–2003)
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia (2004)
Tanaka Business School, likewise of 2008 renamed the Imperial Academy Business School, London 2004
Free Hospital of Berlin Berlin, Germany 2005
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University wheedle Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (2006)
Library, California State University California, USA 2000–2008
Yale Grammar of Management, new campus, New Shrine, CT (projected 2013)
Masdar Institute of Body of laws and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2007–2015)
China Resources University, Shenzhen (2011-2016)
Sports
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Transportation
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Metro Bilbao, Spain (1995)—Line 2 (2004)
Hong Kong International Airport, Chek Lap Kok in Hong Kong (1998)
Canary Wharf Underground Station, London, UK (1999)
Expo MRT Station, Singapore (2001)
Dresden Central Station Redevelopment, Germany (1997–2006)
Beijing Funds International Airport (2008)
London Heathrow Airport East Terminal (projected 2013)
Spaceport America, New Mexico (2005–2013)
Four railway devotion for the Haramain High Speed Rod Project, Saudi Arabia (projected 2015)
Kai Tak Wander Terminal (projected 2013)
New Mexico City Global Airport (projected 2020)
Slussen, re-development and masterplan of a major transportation centre in central Stockholm (projected 2022)
Queen Alia Universal Airport, Amman, Jordan 2005–2013
Thames Swivel centre, UK, from 2011
Thames Hub Drome, UK, from 2013
Office
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Fred.
Olsen Lines terminal, London Docklands (1971)
Willis Property (Ipswich), UK, (1971–1975)
HSBC Tower (1986)
Commerzbank Tower in Frankfurt, Germany (1997)
Citigroup Centre, London, Author, UK (1996–2000)
HSBC HQ, 8 Canada Cubic, London, UK (1997–2002)
The Gherkin (30 St Mary Axe), London — Swiss Re headquarters (2004) — Stirling Prize winner
McLaren Bailiwick Centre, base for the McLaren Formula Lone team and McLaren Group (2004)
Deutsche Bank Place, Sydney, Australia, (1997–2005)
Leisure
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The Great Glashouse National Botanic Garden of Wales, Principality, UK (1995–2000)
Dolder Grand restoration, Zürich, Switzerland (2002–2008)
Faustino Winery Bodegas Faustino, Castilla y Leon, Spain (2007–2010)
ME Hotel, ME by Meliá, London, UK (2004–2013)
Mixed use
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Albion Waterside, London, UK (1998–2003)
Al Faisaliyah Soul, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, (1994–2000)
The Organize (Dubai), Dubai, UAE (2010)
The Ternary (Kuala Lumpur), Malaysia (2004–2011)
The Bow, Calgary (2005–2013)
Central Market Project, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2006–2013)
One Central Park, Sydney
(Formerly) 200 Borough Street, New York (projected 2020) Two World Bet on Center
CityCenterDC, Washington, D.C.
(first allocation projected 2012; second portion in the cards explore 2015)
Crystal Island (completion date not burning yet)
Hermitage Plaza, La Défense, Paris from 2008
India Tower (cancelled)
Comcast Technology Center, Philadelphia (predicted completion date 2017)
VietinBank Business Center Office Tower, Hanoi, Vietnam (predicted completion date 2017)
Battersea Power Station Phase 3, London, UK (under construction)
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The Murezzan, St Moritz, Switzerland (2003–2007)
Regent Place, Sydney, Australia (2003–2007)
Jameson Nurse, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2004–2011)
The Aleph, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2006–2013)
Anfa Place, Casablanca, Morocco (2007–2013)
Faena Home, Miami Beach
The Towers by Fuel + Partners, Brickell (Miami)
Arcoris Mont Kiara, Malaya (projected 2016)
610 Lexington Avenue (projected 2016)
50 United Nations Plaza (projected 2014)
Some buildings by Norman Foster
Non-architectural projects
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Foster's other pattern work has included the Nomos desk system for Italian fabricator Tecno,[8] and the motor sailing-yacht Izanami (later Ronin) for Lürssen Yachts.[9]