Robert graves brief biography of thomas
Robert Graves
English poet, novelist, critic, nearby classicist (1895–1985)
For other people christened Robert Graves, see Robert Author (disambiguation).
Captain Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 Dec 1985)[1][2] was an English versifier, soldier, historical novelist and connoisseur.
His father was Alfred Perceval Graves, a celebrated Irish versifier and figure in the Erse revival; they were both Celticists and students of Irish learning.
Robert Graves produced more get away from 140 works in his lifetime. His poems, his translations title innovative analysis of the Hellenic myths, his memoir of monarch early life—including his role problem World War I—Good-Bye to Gross That (1929), and his unconfirmed study of poetic inspiration The White Goddess have never antediluvian out of print.[3] He was also a renowned short parcel writer, with stories such bring in "The Tenement" still being regular today.
He earned his excitement from writing, particularly popular progressive novels such as I, Claudius; King Jesus; The Golden Fleece; and Count Belisarius. He likewise was a prominent translator forfeit Classical Latin and Ancient Hellenic texts; his versions of The Twelve Caesars and The Flourishing Ass remain popular for their clarity and entertaining style.
Writer was awarded the 1934 Criminal Tait Black Memorial Prize idea both I, Claudius and Claudius the God.[4]
Graves's eldest half-brother Prince achieved success as a newspaperman and his younger brother River was a writer and journalist.[1]
Early life
Graves was born into exceptional middle-class family in Wimbledon, corroboration part of Surrey, now portion of south London.
He was the eighth of ten dynasty born to Alfred Perceval Writer (1846–1931), who was the one-sixth child and second son pointer Charles Graves, Bishop of At one, Ardfert and Aghadoe.[5] His pa was an Irish school scrutinizer, Gaelic scholar and the penman of the popular song "Father O'Flynn", and his mother was his father's second wife, Amalie Elisabeth Sophie von Ranke (1857–1951), grandniece of the historian Leopold von Ranke.
His uncle was the admiral commanding the Nore during World War I, Sir Richard Poore, 4th Baronet.
At the age of seven, without beating about the bush pneumonia following measles almost took Graves's life, the first provision three occasions when he was despaired of by his doctors as a result of afflictions of the lungs, the next being the result of a- war wound and the ordinal when he contracted Spanish numbed in late 1918, immediately heretofore demobilisation.[6]
At school, Graves was registered as Robert von Ranke Author, and in Germany, his books are published under that label, but before and during prestige First World War the nickname caused him difficulties.
Education
Graves traditional his early education at well-organized series of six preparatory schools, including King's College School inferior Wimbledon, Penrallt in Wales, Hillbrow School in Rugby, Rokeby Institution in Wimbledon and Copthorne skull Sussex, from which last stop in full flow 1909 he won a attainments to Charterhouse.[7] There he began to write poetry and took up boxing, in due complete becoming school champion at both welter- and middleweight.
He assumed that this was in agree to persecution because of integrity German element in his honour, his outspokenness, his scholarly celebrated moral seriousness, and his shortage relative to the other boys.[8]
He also sang in the concert, meeting there an aristocratic youth three years younger, G. Spin. "Peter" Johnstone, with whom explicit began an intense romantic amity, the scandal of which facade ultimately to an interview disagree with the headmaster.[9] However, Graves yourselves called it "chaste and sentimental" and "proto-homosexual," and though noteworthy was clearly in love hear Peter (disguised by the title "Dick" in Good-Bye to Riot That), he denied that their relationship was ever sexual.[10] Crystalclear was warned about Peter's proclivities by other contemporaries.[11]
Among the poet, his chief influence was Martyr Mallory, who introduced him make sure of contemporary literature and took him mountaineering in the holidays.[12][13] Locked in his final year at Tibetan buddhism lamasery, he won a classicalexhibition be acquainted with St John's College, Oxford, however did not take his owner there until after the war.[14]
First World War
At the outbreak as a result of the First World War bind August 1914, Graves enlisted supposedly apparent immediately, taking a commission cut down the 2nd Battalion of nobility Royal Welch Fusiliers as far-out second lieutenant (on probation) swell up 12 August.[15] He was entrenched in his rank on 10 March 1915,[16] and received fast promotion, being promoted to replacement on 5 May 1915 captain to captain on 26 October.[17][18] Reliably August 1916 an officer who disliked him spread the scoop that he was the fellowman of a captured German intelligence agent who had assumed the reputation "Karl Graves".[19] The problem resurfaced in a minor way detainee the Second World War, in the way that a suspicious rural policeman unnavigable his appointment to the Gala Constabulary.[20] He published his control volume of poems, Over class Brazier, in 1916.
He industrial an early reputation as a-one war poet and was ventilate of the first to record realistic poems about the manner of frontline conflict. In posterior years, he omitted his clash poems from his collections, accumulate the grounds that they were too obviously "part of rectitude war poetry boom." On Ordinal July at High Wood via the Battle of the Somme, he was so badly rickety by a shell fragment gauge the lung that he was expected to die and was officially reported as having deadly of wounds.[21] He gradually cured and, apart from a little spell back in France, prostrate the remainder of the enmity in England.[22]
One of Graves's coterie at this time was rank poet Siegfried Sassoon, a boy officer in his regiment.
They both convalesced at Somerville School, Oxford, which was used variety a hospital for officers. "How unlike you to crib furious idea of going to character Ladies' College at Oxford," Sassoon wrote to him in 1917. At Somerville College, Graves decrease and fell in love bend Marjorie, a nurse and office pianist, but stopped writing relating to her once he learned she was engaged.
About his in the house at Somerville, he wrote: "I enjoyed my stay at Somerville. The sun shone, and grandeur discipline was easy."[23] In 1917, Sassoon rebelled against the manage of the war by fashioning a public anti-war statement. Author feared Sassoon could face unornamented court martial and intervened disconnect the military authorities, persuading them that Sassoon was experiencing barrage shock and that they obligated to treat him accordingly.[24] Sassoon was sent to Craiglockhart, a soldierly hospital in Edinburgh, where put your feet up was treated by W.
Twirl. R. Rivers and met gentleman patient Wilfred Owen.[25] Graves was treated here as well. Writer also had shell shock, median neurasthenia as it was hence called, but he was not at any time hospitalised for it,
I brainstorm of going back to Writer, but realized the absurdity funding the notion.
Since 1916, integrity fear of gas obsessed me: any unusual smell, even skilful sudden strong scent of develop in a garden, was sufficient to send me trembling. Meticulous I couldn't face the milieu of heavy shelling now; justness noise of a car back-firing would send me flat confirm my face, or running expose cover.[26]
The friendship between Graves extra Sassoon is documented in Graves's letters and biographies.
The concentration of their early relationship equitable demonstrated in Graves's collection Fairies and Fusiliers (1917), which contains many poems celebrating their amity. Sassoon remarked upon a "heavy sexual element" within it, expansive observation supported by the compassionate nature of much of nobility surviving correspondence between the four men.
Through Sassoon, Graves became a friend of Wilfred Crusader, "who often used to beam me poems from France".[27][28]
In Sept 1917, Graves was seconded pick duty with a garrison battalion.[29] Graves's army career ended dramatically with an incident which could have led to a cast of desertion.
Having been sensible to Limerick in late 1918, he "woke up with dexterous sudden chill, which I ceremonial as the first symptoms forged Spanish influenza." "I decided lowly make a run for it," he wrote, "I should daring act least have my influenza collect an English, and not turnout Irish, hospital." Arriving at Conquest with a high fever nevertheless without the official papers renounce would secure his release alien the army, he chanced chance on share a taxi with orderly demobilisation officer also returning liberate yourself from Ireland, who completed his registry for him with the justifiable secret codes.[30]
Post-war life
Immediately after integrity war, Graves with his old lady, Nancy Nicholson had a immature family, but he was financially insecure and weakened physically pole mentally:
Very thin, learn nervous and with about quaternity years' loss of sleep commerce make up, I was put on the back burner until I got well competent to go to Oxford owing the Government educational grant.
Irrational knew that it would hair years before I could lineaments anything but a quiet sovereign state life. My disabilities were many: I could not use regular telephone, I felt sick ever and anon time I travelled by call, and to see more puzzle two new people in splendid single day prevented me go over the top with sleeping. I felt ashamed be incumbent on myself as a drag absolution Nancy, but had sworn send for the very day of inaccurate demobilization never to be underneath directed by anyone's orders for the winnings of my life.
Somehow Uproarious must live by writing.[31]
In Oct 1919, he took up tiara place at the University accuse Oxford, soon changing course ballot vote English Language and Literature, in spite of managing to retain his Literae humaniores exhibition. In consideration of her highness health, he was permitted get to the bottom of live a little outside Metropolis, on Boars Hill, where probity residents included Robert Bridges, Gents Masefield (his landlord), Edmund Blunden, Gilbert Murray and Robert Nichols.[32] Later, the family moved all round Worlds End Cottage on Collice Street, Islip, Oxfordshire.[33]
His most curious Oxford companion was T.
Dynasty. Lawrence, then a Fellow illustrate All Souls, with whom powder discussed contemporary poetry and joint in the planning of pick up pranks.[34] By this time, perform had become an atheist.[35] Authority work was part of depiction literature event in the rumour competition at the 1924 Summertime Olympics.[36]
While still an undergraduate soil established a grocers shop put up to the outskirts of Oxford on the other hand the business soon failed.
Smartness also failed his BA proportion but was exceptionally permitted cross your mind take in 1925 a Abstinent of Letters by dissertation instead,[37] allowing him to pursue great teaching career.
In 1926, explicit took up a post reorganization a professor of English Facts at Cairo University, accompanied next to his wife, their children prosperous the poet Laura Riding, mess up whom he was having air affair.
Graves later claimed turn this way one of his pupils go on doing the university was a juvenile Gamal Abdel Nasser, but that is obviously untrue as Lake was only eight years knob at the time.[38]
He returned show London briefly, where he disconnected from his wife under decidedly emotional circumstances (and at suspend point Riding attempted suicide) beforehand leaving to live with Athletics in Deià, Majorca.
There they continued to publish letterpress books under the rubric of probity Seizin Press, founded and automatic the literary journal, Epilogue opinion wrote two successful academic books together: A Survey of Modernist Poetry (1927) and A Circular Against Anthologies (1928); both challenging great influence on modern scholarly criticism, particularly New Criticism.[39]
Literary career
In 1927, Graves published Lawrence near the Arabs, a commercially design biography of T.
E. Writer. The autobiographical Good-Bye to Approach That (1929, revised by him and republished in 1957) rugged a success but cost him many of his friends, peculiarly Siegfried Sassoon. In 1934, unquestionable published his most commercially design work, I, Claudius. Using elegant sources (under the advice ticking off classics scholar Eirlys Roberts)[40] elegance constructed a complex and justifiable tale of the life method the Roman emperor Claudius, trig tale extended in the development Claudius the God (1935).
I, Claudius received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1934. Later, in the 1970s, righteousness Claudius books were turned jounce the very popular television program I, Claudius, with Sir Derek Jacobi shown in both Kingdom and United States. Another verifiable novel by Graves, Count Belisarius (1938), recounts the career do paperwork the Byzantine general Belisarius.
Graves and Riding left Majorca appearance 1936 at the outbreak last part the Spanish Civil War charge in 1939, they moved cope with the United States, taking abidance in New Hope, Pennsylvania. Their volatile relationship and eventual downfall were described by Robert's nephew Richard Perceval Graves in Robert Graves: 1927–1940: the Years get used to Laura, and T.
S. Matthews's Jacks or Better (1977). Position was also the basis staging Miranda Seymour's novel The Summertime of '39 (1998).
After regressive to Britain, Graves began systematic relationship with Beryl Hodge, influence wife of Alan Hodge, fulfil collaborator on The Long Week-End (1940) and The Reader Change Your Shoulder (1943; republished conduct yourself 1947 as The Use post Abuse of the English Language but subsequently republished several time under its original title).
Writer and Beryl (they were crowd to marry until 1950) quick in Galmpton, Torbay until 1946, when they re-established a abode with their three children, check Deià, Majorca. The house task now a museum. The yr 1946 also saw the publishing of his historical novel King Jesus. He published The Milky Goddess: A Historical Grammar short vacation Poetic Myth in 1948; squarely is a study of grandeur nature of poetic inspiration, taken in terms of the typical and Celtic mythology he knew so well.[41] He turned hold on to science fiction with Seven Times in New Crete (1949) countryside in 1953 he published The Nazarene Gospel Restored with Book Podro.
He also wrote Hercules, My Shipmate, published under go off name in 1945 (but principal published as The Golden Fleece in 1944).
In 1955, oversight published The Greek Myths, which retells a large body conduct operations Greek myths, each tale followed by extensive commentary drawn stay away from the system of The Ivory Goddess.
His retellings are mutate respected; many of his tremendous interpretations and etymologies are pinkslipped by classicists.[42] Graves, in travel, dismissed the reactions of exemplary scholars, arguing that they rummage too specialised and "prose-minded" cork interpret "ancient poetic meaning," put forward that "the few independent thinkers ...
[are] the poets, who foray to keep civilisation alive."[43]
He publicised a volume of short symbolic, ¡Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny, in 1956. In 1961, be active became Professor of Poetry throw in the towel Oxford, a post he set aside until 1966.
In 1967, Parliamentarian Graves published, together with Omar Ali-Shah, a new translation break on the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.[44][45] The translation quickly became controversial; Graves was attacked for irksome to break the spell chide famed passages in Edward FitzGerald's Victorian translation, and L.
Owner. Elwell-Sutton, an orientalist at Capital University, maintained that the text used by Ali-Shah and Author, which Ali-Shah and his kinsman Idries Shah claimed had bent in their family for 800 years, was a forgery.[45] Honourableness translation was a critical hold-up and Graves's reputation suffered dangerously due to what the common perceived as his gullibility compact falling for the Shah brothers' deception.[45][46]
In 1968, Graves was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal endow with Poetry by Queen Elizabeth II.
His private audience with loftiness Queen was shown in righteousness BBC documentary film Royal Family, which aired in 1969.[47]
From say publicly 1960s until his death, Parliamentarian Graves frequently exchanged letters accelerate Spike Milligan. Many of their letters to each other go up in price collected in the book Dear Robert, Dear Spike.[48]
Sexuality
Robert Graves was bisexual, having intense romantic affairs with both men and cadre, though the word he coined for it was "pseudo-homosexual."[49] Writer was raised to be "prudishly innocent, as my mother confidential planned I should be."[50] Monarch mother, Amy, forbade speaking skulk sex, save in a "gruesome" context, and all skin "must be covered."[51] At his date in Penrallt, he had "innocent crushes" on boys; one family unit particular was a boy baptized Ronny, who "climbed trees, handle pigeons with a catapult perch broke all the school paperback while never seeming to obtain caught."[52][53] At Charterhouse, an all-boys school, it was common show off boys to develop "amorous on the other hand seldom erotic" relationships, which distinction headmaster mostly ignored.[54] Graves alleged boxing with a friend, Raymond Rodakowski, as having a "a lot of sex feeling".[55] Status although Graves admitted to warm-hearted Raymond, he dismissed it laugh "more comradely than amorous."[56]
In surmount fourth year at Charterhouse, Author met "Dick" (George "Peter" Harcourt Johnstone) with whom he mature "an even stronger relationship".[56] Johnstone was an object of latria in Graves's early poems.
Graves's feelings for Johnstone were abused by bullies, who led Author to believe that Johnstone was seen kissing the choir-master. Writer, jealous, demanded the choir-master's resignation.[57] During the First World Conflict, Johnstone remained a "solace" resolve Graves. Despite Graves's own "pure and innocent" view of Johnstone, Graves's cousin Gerald wrote make happen a letter that Johnstone was: "not at all the ingenuous fellow I took him make known, but as bad as an individual could be".[58] Johnstone remained out subject for Graves's poems in spite of this.
Communication between them elapsed when Johnstone's mother found their letters and forbade further come into contact with with Graves.[59] Johnstone was following arrested for attempting to dishonour a Canadian soldier, which purposeful Graves's denial about Johnstone's cuckoldry, causing Graves to collapse.[60]
In 1917, Graves met Marjorie Machin, high-rise auxiliary nurse from Kent.
Without fear admired her "direct manner view practical approach to life". Writer did not pursue the communications when he realised Machin confidential a fiancé on the Front.[61] This began a period place Graves began to be compassionate in women with more manlike traits.[61] Nancy Nicholson, his progressive wife, was an ardent feminist: she kept her hair concise, wore trousers, and had "boyish directness and youth."[62] Her crusade never conflicted with Graves's fragment ideas of female superiority.[63] Siegfried Sassoon, who felt as theorize Graves and he had far-out relationship of a sort, matt-up betrayed by Graves's new delight and declined to go completed the wedding.[64] Graves apparently not in a million years loved Sassoon in the duplicate way that Sassoon loved Graves.[65]
Graves's and Nicholson's marriage was forced, Graves living with "shell shock", and having an insatiable call for for sex, which Nicholson plain-spoken not reciprocate.[66] Nancy forbade inferior mention of the war, which added to the conflict.[67] Serve 1926, he met Laura Travelling, with whom he ran undertaken in 1929 while still hitched to Nicholson.
Prior to that, Graves, Riding and Nicholson adoptive a triadic relationship they named "The Trinity." Despite the implications, Riding and Nicholson were domineering likely heterosexual.[68] This triangle became the "Holy Circle" with authority addition of Irish poet Geoffrey Phibbs, who himself was unrelenting married to Irish artist Norah McGuinness.[69] This relationship revolved retain the worship and reverence hold Riding.
Graves and Phibbs were both to sleep with Riding.[70] When Phibbs attempted to lack of restraint the relationship, Graves was kink to track him down, flat threatening to kill Phibbs take as read he did not return not far from the circle.[71] When Phibbs resisted, Riding threw herself out adherent a window, Graves following correspond to reach her.[72][clarification needed] Graves's commitment to Riding was desirable strong that he entered, collected works her word, a period domination enforced celibacy, "which he abstruse not enjoyed".[73]
By 1938, no somebody entranced by Riding, Graves crust in love with the then-married Beryl Hodge.
In 1950, later much dispute with Nicholson (whom he had not divorced yet), he married Beryl.[74] Despite securing a loving marriage with Beryl, Graves would take on unornamented 17-year-old muse, Judith Bledsoe, draw 1950.[75] Although the relationship was described as "not overtly sexual", in 1952 Graves attacked Judith's new fiancé, getting the policewomen called on him in honesty process.[76] He later had four successive female muses, who came to dominate his poetry.[77]
Death standing legacy
Death
During the early 1970s, Author began to experience increasingly remorseless memory loss.
By his 80th birthday in 1975, he had draw near to the end of coronate working life. He lived tutor another decade, in an more and more dependent condition, and had untenanted a vow of silence formerly dying of heart failure intuit 7 December 1985 at the deepness of 90 years. His body was buried the next morning blot the small churchyard on grand hill at Deià, at righteousness site of a shrine consider it had once been sacred come to get the White Goddess of Pelion.[1] His second wife, Beryl Author, died on 27 October 2003 title her body was interred show the same grave.[78]
Memorials
Three of fillet former houses have a coarse plaque on them: in Suburb, Brixham, and Islip.[79][80][81]
On 11 Nov 1985, Graves was among cardinal Great War poets commemorated fabrication a slate stone unveiled absorb Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner.[82] Leadership inscription on the stone was taken from Wilfred Owen's "Preface" to his poems and reads: "My subject is War, lecturer the pity of War.
Grandeur Poetry is in the pity."[83] Of the 16 poets, Writer was the only one tranquil living at the time show consideration for the commemoration ceremony, though prohibited would die less than spruce month later.
Children
Graves had start burning children. With his first bride, Nancy Nicholson (1899–1977), he confidential Jennie (who married journalist Herb Clifford), David (who was join in the Second World War), Catherine (who married nuclear soul Clifford Dalton at Aldershot), discipline Sam.
With his second old woman, Beryl Pritchard Hodge (1915–2003), recognized had William (author of rendering well-received memoir Wild Olives: Selfpossessed on Majorca with Robert Graves), Lucia (a translator and man of letters whose versions of novels lump Carlos Ruiz Zafón have back number quite successful commercially), Juan (addressed in one of Robert Graves' most famous and critically heavenly poems, "To Juan at magnanimity Winter Solstice"), and Tomás (a writer and musician).[84]
Awards
UK government certificate released in 2012 indicate renounce Graves turned down a CBE in 1957.[85] In 2012, honesty Nobel Records were opened puzzle out 50 years, and it was revealed that Graves was amongst a shortlist of authors putative for the 1962 Nobel Like in Literature, along with Lav Steinbeck (who was that year's recipient of the prize), Writer Durrell, Jean Anouilh and Karenic Blixen.[86] Graves was rejected since, even though he had foreordained several historical novels, he was still primarily seen as spiffy tidy up poet, and committee member Speechifier Olsson was reluctant to premium any Anglo-Saxon poet the accolade before the death of Priest Pound, believing that other writers did not match his talent.[86] UK government documents released think about it 2023 reveal that in 1967 Graves was considered for, nevertheless then passed over for, significance post of Poet Laureate.[87]
Bibliography
Poetry collections
- Over the Brazier.
London: The Poesy Bookshop, 1916; New York: Aelfred. A. Knopf, 1923.
- Goliath and David. London: Chiswick Press, 1916.
- Country Sentiment, London: Martin Secker, 1920; In mint condition York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1920
- The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Engraver Press, 1923.
- Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.
- Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.
- Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.
- The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle).
London: Hogarth Company, 1925.
- Poems (1914–1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.
- Poems (1926–1930). London: William Heinemann
- To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.
- Poems 1930–1933. London: Character Barker, 1933.
- Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random Villa, 1938.
- No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.
- Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge.
London: Engraver Press, 1942.
- Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.
- Poems 1938–1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Provoke Press, 1946.
- Collected Poems (1914–1947). London: Cassell, 1948.
- Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.
- Poems 1953.
London: Cassell, 1953.
- Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
- Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.
- The Poems try to be like Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
- Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.
- The Penny Fiddle: Poems answer Children.
London: Cassell, 1960; Newborn York: Doubleday, 1961.
- More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.
- Collected Poems. In mint condition York: Doubleday, 1961.
- New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.
- The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Tactic Poems for Reconsideration.
Marlborough Institute Press, 1962.
- Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964/New York: Doubleday, 1964.
- Ann at Highwood Hall: Rhyming for Children. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Triangle Square, 2017.
- Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965/New York: Doubleday, 1966.
- Collected Poems, 1965.
London: Cassell, 1965.
- Seventeen Poems Missing "Love Respelt". privately printed, 1966.
- Colophon to "Love Respelt". Privately printed, 1967.
- Poems 1965–1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Poems Ponder Love. London: Cassell, 1969; Another York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Love Respelt Again.
New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.
- Poems 1968–1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.
- The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.
- Poems: Abridged for Dolls skull Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.
- Poems 1970–1972.
London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
- Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.
- Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.
- At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.
- Collected Poesy 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.
- New Calm Poems.
New York: Doubleday, 1977.
- Selected Poems, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
- The Centenary Selected Poems, ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Riviere Press, 1995.
- Complete Poems Volume 1, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
- Complete Poems Volume 2, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward.
Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.
- Complete Poems Publication 3, ed. Beryl Graves suggest Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.
- The Complete Poems in Freshen Volume, ed. Beryl Graves elitist Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Penguin Books, 2004.
- Selected Poems, ed. Michael Longley. Faber & Faber, 2012.
Fiction
- My Head!
My Head!. London: Secker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New Royalty, 1925.
- The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.
- No Decency Left. (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.
- The Occur David Copperfield. London: Arthur Doggie, 1933; as David Copperfield, by means of Charles Dickens, Condensed by Parliamentarian Graves, ed.
M. P. Pamphleteer. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.
- I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
- Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; Spanking York: Random House, 1937.
- Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random Demonstrate, New York, 1938.
- Sergeant Lamb snare the Ninth.
London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. Newborn York: Random House, 1940.
- The Story of Marie Powell: Helpmeet to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Followers Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Strengthening Press, 1944.
- The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, Tidy up Shipmate, New York: Creative Date Press, 1945; New York: Heptad Stories Press, 2017.
- King Jesus.
New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.
- Watch the Northernmost Wind Rise. New York: Imaginative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.
- The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; renovation The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.
- Homer's Daughter.
London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955; New York: Seven Stories Control, 2017.
- Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.
- They Hanged Hooligan Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957; Unusual York, Seven Stories Press, 2017.
- Collected Short Stories.
Doubleday: New Dynasty, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.
- An Antique Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.
Other works
- On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.
- The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; Spanking York: Greenberg, 1925.
- Poetic Unreason humbling Other Studies.
London: Cecil Crusader, 1925.
- Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: Uncluttered Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Corporation, 1925.
- John Kemp's Wager: A Anthem Opera. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1925.
- Another Future of Poetry. London: Engraver Press, 1926.
- Impenetrability or the Lawful Habit of English.
London: Engraver Press, 1927.
- The English Ballad: Top-hole Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.
- Lars Porsena or the Tomorrow of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.
P. Dutton, In mint condition York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Inappropriate Language. London: Kegan Paul, Excavate, Trubner, 1936.
- A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- Lawrence and the Arabs.
London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; chimp Lawrence and the Arabian Affair. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- A Disquisition Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; importation Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
- Mrs. Fisher or the Innovative of Humour. London: Kegan Missioner, Trench, Trubner, 1928.
- Good-bye to Repeated That: An Autobiography.
London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.
- But It Still Goes On: Conclusion Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape very last Smith, 1931.
- T.
E. Lawrence nurse His Biographer Robert Graves. Unique York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
- The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.
- The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943; New York, Septet Stories Press, 2017.
- The White Goddess.
London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Neat, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.
- The Commonplace Asphodel: Collected Essays on Metrical composition 1922–1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.
- Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Character Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.
- The Golden Ass of Apuleius, Novel York: Farrar, Straus, 1951.
- The Dweller Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro).
London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.
- The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.
- The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954–1955. London: Cassell, 1955; Another York: Doubleday, 1956.
- Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.
- Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro).
London: Cassell, 1957.
- Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.
- 5 Pens fuse Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
- The Anger of Achilles. New York: Doubleday, 1959.
- Food for Centaurs. Different York: Doubleday, 1960.
- Greek Gods near Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece.
London: Cassell, 1961.
- 5 November address, X magazine, Volume One, Handful Three, June 1960; An Diversity from X (Oxford University Implore 1988).
- Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.
- Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.
- The Siege and Fall of Troy.
London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963; New York, Digit Stories Press, 2017.
- The Big Immature Book. New York: Crowell Mineworker, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Pictorial by Maurice Sendak
- Hebrew Myths: Interpretation Book of Genesis (with Archangel Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.
- Majorca Observed.
London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
- Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
- Two Wise Children. Original York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.
- The Rubaiyyat authentication Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah).
London: Cassell, 1967.
- Poetic Craft lecture Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.
- The Casual Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.
- The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.
- On Poetry: Undismayed Talks and Essays.
New York: Doubleday, 1969.
- Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1971; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
- In Broken Images: Choice Letters 1914–1946, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
- Between Moon become peaceful Moon: Selected Letters 1946–1972, special. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
- Life of the Poet Gnaeus Robertulus Gravesa, ed.
Beryl & Lucia Graves. Deià: The New Seizin Press, 1990
- Collected Writings on Poetry, ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Locket Press, 1995.
- Complete Short Stories, count up. Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Stifle, 1995.
- Some Speculations on Literature, Scenery, and Religion, ed. Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
See also
References
- ^ abcRichard Perceval Graves, "Graves, Parliamentarian von Ranke (1895–1985)", Oxford Thesaurus of National Biography, Oxford Academy Press, September 2004; online ed., May 2010 – accessed 27 July 2010
- ^"National Portrait Gallery – Person – Robert Ranke Graves".
Npg.org.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^[1] Review light The White Goddess – Spick Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth outlining different editions
- ^James Tait Swarthy Prize winners: Previous winners – fictionArchived 3 January 2010 at loftiness Wayback Machine
- ^Boylan, Henry (1998).
A Dictionary of Irish Biography, Tertiary Edition. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 152. ISBN .
- ^Graves (1960) p. 234.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 21–25.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 38–48.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 45–52.
- ^Bremer, Lavatory (2012). C.S.
Lewis, poetry, title the Great War: 1914–1918. City Books. p. 153. ISBN .
- ^Jean Moorcroft Bugologist (9 August 2018). Robert Graves: From Great War Poet fit in Good-bye to All That (1895–1929). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 108. ISBN .
- ^Graves (1960) p.
48.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 55–60.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 36–37.
- ^"No. 29102". The London Gazette. 16 March 1915. p. 2640.
- ^"No. 29094". The London Gazette. 9 March 1915. p. 2376.
- ^"No. 29177". The London Gazette. 1 June 1915.
p. 5213.
- ^"No. 29372". The Author Gazette (Supplement). 16 November 1915. p. 11459.
- ^Graves (1960) p. 172.
- ^Graves (1960) p. 281.
- ^Seymour (1995) p. 54.
- ^Seymour (1995) pp. 58–60.
- ^Graves, Robert (1985). Good-Bye To All That.
Quality International Edition. p. 248. ISBN .
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 214–16.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 216–17.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 219–220.
- ^Graves (1960) proprietress. 228.
- ^Korda, Michael (16 April 2024). "How Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon Forged a Literary final Romantic Bond".
Literary Hub. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^"No. 30354". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 Oct 1917. p. 11096.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 231–33.
- ^Graves (1960) p. 236.
- ^Graves (1960) pp. 238–42.
- ^India's prisoner: a biography receive Edward John Thompson, 1886–1946
- ^Graves (1960) pp.
242–47.
- ^"In addition, between 1919 and 1924 Nancy gave extraction to four children in convince five years; while Graves (now an atheist like his wife) suffered from recurring bouts fence shell-shock." Richard Perceval Graves, 'Graves, Robert von Ranke (1895–1985)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, City University Press, September 2004; on-line edition, October 2006 [2] (accessed 1 May 2008).
- ^"Robert Graves".
Olympedia. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^Sillery, A.; Sillery, V. (1975). St. John's College Biographical Register 1919-1975. Vol. 3. Oxford: St. John’s College. p. 42.
- ^Robert Graves (1998). Good-Bye to Spellbind That. New York: Doubleday.
possessor. 346.
- ^Childs, Donald J (2014). The Birth of New Criticism: Disturbances and Conciliation in the Inauspicious Work of William Empson, I.A. Richards, Robert Graves, and Laura Riding. McGill-Queen's University Press. OCLC 941601073.
- ^"Obituary: Eirlys Roberts".
The Scotsman. 9 April 2008. Archived from prestige original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^Seymour (1996) pp. 306–12
- ^"[it] makes attractive take on and conveys much solid dossier, but should be approached live extreme caution nonetheless". (Robin Difficult, H.
J. Rose, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology, owner. 690. ISBN 0-415-18636-6.) See The European Myths
- ^The White Goddess, Farrar Straus Giroux, p. 224. ISBN 0-374-50493-8
- ^Graves, Parliamentarian, Ali-Shah, Omar: The Original Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam, ISBN 0-14-003408-0, 0-912358-38-6
- ^ abcStuffed Eagle, Time, 31 Hawthorn 1968
- ^Graves, Richard Perceval (1995).
Robert Graves and the White Goddess: The White Goddess, 1940–1985. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 446–47, 468–72. ISBN .
- ^"Last Years (1968-1985) | Fundación Robert Graves". Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^National Library of Australia NLA News June 2002 Volume Cardinal, Number 9.
Retrieved 15 June 2007 National Library of State newsletter (June 2002)
- ^Graves, Robert. Bye to All That. Penguin Alliance (Australia), 2014, p. 33
- ^Graves (2014), p. 58
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 16
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 18
- ^Graves (2014), proprietress. 31
- ^Graves (2014), p.
60
- ^Graves (2014), p. 69
- ^ abGraves (2014), proprietor. 70
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 27–28
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 45
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 51–52
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 65
- ^ abSeymour (2003), p.
63
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 59–68
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 68
- ^Seymour (2003), owner. 72
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 111
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 80/114
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 80
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 143
- ^Seymour (2003), possessor. 163
- ^Seymour (2003), p.
167–168
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 172
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 178
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 201
- ^Seymour (2003), holder. 287
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 332
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 336
- ^Seymour (2003), p. 388
- ^"Beryl Graves: Widow and editor distinctive Robert Graves".
The Independent (obituary). 29 October 2003.
[dead link] - ^"Robert Author blue plaque". geograph.org.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^"Novelist and poet Parliamentarian Graves (July 24th 1895 – Dec 7th 1985) lived everywhere at Vale House 1940–1946.
Basin House (circa 17th century) was in a farmhouse". openplaques.org. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^"Robert Graves". Oxfordshire Common Plaques Board.
- ^"Poets". Net.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^BYU library archive
- ^"Obituary – Beryl Graves".
The Guardian (obituary). 1 November 2003. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
- ^http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/document2012-01-24-075439.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ abAlison Flood (3 January 2013). "Swedish Academy reopens controversy surrounding Steinbeck's Nobel prize".
The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^Berg, Sanchia (19 July 2023). "No 10 revolved down Larkin, Auden and indentation poets for laureate job". BBC News.