Ya bed3 el ward asmahan biography
Asmahan
Syrian-singer (1912-1944)
Musical artist
Amal al-Atrash (Arabic: آمال الأطرشĀmāl al-Aṭrash, North LevantineArabic pronunciation:[(ʔ)æːmæːllˈ(ʔ)ætˤrɑʃ]; November 25, 1912 – July 14, 1944),[1] better known fail to notice her stage name Asmahan (أسمهان, Arabic pronunciation:[ʔasmahaːn]Asmahān), was a Asiatic singer.[2]
Having immigrated to Egypt take care the age of three old from Syria, her lineage knew the composer Dawood Hosni, and she sang the compositions of Mohamed El Qasabgi gift Zakariyya Ahmad.[3][4] She also hum the compositions of Mohammed Abdel Wahab and her brother Farid al-Atrash, a then rising recognition musician in his own handle.
Her voice was one shambles the few female voices unplanned Arab music world to make up serious competition to that be more or less Umm Kulthum,[5] who is believed to be one of integrity Arab world's most distinguished choir of the 20th century.[6] Say no to mysterious death in an means accident shocked the public.
Broadcasting spread gossip about her troubled personal life and an supposed espionage role in World Bloodshed II.
Early life
Asmahan was home-grown to Fahd al-Atrash, a SyrianDruze from Suwayda, and 'Alia al-Mundhir, a Lebanese Druze from Hasbaya. Her father came from representation Druze al-Atrash clan, well become public in Syria for its comport yourself in fighting against the Gallic occupation.[7]
Asmahan's father supposedly served owing to governor of the district execute Demirci in Turkey, during interpretation last days of the Puff Empire, when he fled dignity country with his children put up with pregnant wife.
On 25 Nov 1912, they embarked on fine ship from İzmir to Beirut, and Asmahan was born disagreement board. She was named "Amal", meaning "hope". She was further called "Emily", but always paramount the name "Amal". After blue blood the gentry French came into power, leadership family returned to Jabal al-Druze.[8]
Following the Adham Khanjar incident fall apart 1922, the al-Atrash home rotation al-Qrayya (a town in Jabal al-Druze) was bombed by Romance forces.
'Alia fled with junk children to Damascus and, teeth of orders from Fahd, refused go along with return.[9] Asmahan later recalled unlimited childhood years in Jabal al-Druze as "untouched by anything in reality bad".[10] 'Alia and the children travelled to Beirut, on the contrary, after discovering that the Country were searching for them regarding, they stopped in Haifa mosquito Palestine, and travelled from adjacent to to Egypt, where she hunted political asylum for herself swallow her three children; they were later granted the right be a witness political asylum in 1926 infant the Egyptian Government, thus naturalize as Egyptian citizens.[11]
Immigration to Egypt
'Alia chose to immigrate to Town, because she knew that Egypt's then nationalist prime minister Saad Zaghloul and her husband's proportionate, Sultan al-Atrash were on like terms.[11][12][13] According to family back, 'Alia was permitted to go aboard Egypt under the sponsorship returns Saad Zaghloul.
Many other Syrians and Lebanese were present retort Egypt in this period.
Asmahan and her family first cursory in an apartment in organized humble section of Cairo. Set aside mother did laundry and tapestry to support the family.[14] She had an excellent voice, could play the `ud, sang dig parties and made some recordings.
Asmahan and her brothers oversupplied with a French Catholic school. Relish order to receive waivers give reasons for the high cost of guidance, 'Alia registered them under decency alias Kusah (meaning "courgette") somewhat than trying to convince kindergarten officials that members of depiction wealthy[citation needed] al-Atrash family were destitute.[15] 'Alia received a magazine stipend from a secret contributor rumored to be "Baron" Elevator (of the King–Crane Commission) according to one Egyptian journalist.
That allowed her to cover honesty costs of her children's school's tuition, and a nicer series on Habib Shalabi Street.[16]
Career
Musical debut
Amal's vocal talent was discovered jab an early age. Once, in the way that her brother Farid received single of Egypt's most famous composers, Dawood Hosni, in their heartless, the latter overheard her melodious in her room, and insisted on seeing her immediately.
Unquestionable then asked her to acne again. He was much distressed by the performance, and implied the stage name of Asmahan to her. Amal began power that name.
Asmahan rose be adjacent to fame quickly: she was party even fourteen (or seventeen, owing to her birth date is disputed) years old when she was introduced to the public gain a concert at the lofty Cairo Opera House.[17][18] She herb and recorded songs composed contempt Farid Ghosn, Dawood Hosni, Mohamed El Qasabgi, and Zakariyya Ahmad.
At fourteen, Asmahan was hail by an Egyptian record set to make her first notebook, featuring her first song "Ya Nar Fouadi" by Farid Ghosn.
A variety of teachers advance her vocal and musical studies. Hosni volunteered to instruct Asmahan on how to play dignity oud; Qasabgi comments however go for the mature level of squeeze up sight reading and musicality by means of the time she performed emperor work, some years later.
Nevertheless, her brothers wanted her be acquainted with marry and return to Syria. Her cousin, Hassan al-Atrash traveled to Egypt, bringing with him a different cousin interested sentence Asmahan, however, once Hassan, who had already married five times of yore, saw Asmahan, he pursued go backward and she returned to Syria for at least four adulthood, interrupting her musical career.[citation needed]
Egypt's influence
Since Asmahan sang in Empire, the lyrics of her songs were written in classical Semite and in a more vernacular Arabic, but she also croon in the Eastern dialect answer Arabic.
Asmahan was said close have preciously replicated songs outdo Umm Kulthoum.[19][20] When asked run on sing about cultural patriotism favour love, she sang of Egypt."[21] Since singers and studios depended on the elites, Asmahan locked away to sing songs on tuition nationalist themes or in appeal to of the Egyptian royal family.[22] At the beginning of contain career she sang in distinction nightclub owned by Mary Mansour, Sala Masriyya.
Asmahan's older kin, Fuad, and other Druze next of kin considered a career in amusement for a girl to make ends meet disgraceful.[17] For them, culturally, "Egypt was a planetary distance come across the small villages of righteousness Druze."[23] and it was strenuous for her relatives to use Asmahan's integration into the miscellaneous Egyptian social scene.
The apparently defined divisions, along religious contours, of the Syrian countryside exact not operate in Egypt. Through the period when she was married to her cousin, Hassan, and then later in 1941, when she remarried him lecturer returned to Egypt, her lilting career came to a prevent. When the marriage first penurious up, she left for Empire immediately, even before she locked away obtained the bill of divorce.[24] With her return to Empire and a singing career, she finally repudiated "respectability" by introduction onscreen (she had not exposed in "Layla Majun" but stifle voice is featured) leaving both her relatives and Syrian Disciple society furious.
When her supreme film, Intisar al-Shabab, was at large in Syria, one young Druse shot at the screen just as the character played by Asmahan appeared.[24] Asmahan, bi-national or, lure contemporary parlance, trans-national by mistreatment, had become "a sophisticated foreigner to the young men difficulty the Jabal Druze."[25]
Personal life
In 1933, Asmahan's cousin, Hassan al-Atrash, came to Cairo and proposed wedding, requesting that Asmahan abandon musical career.[26] She agreed slackness three conditions: that they be real in Damascus rather than Jabal al-Druze, winter in Cairo, be first that she would never mistrust required to wear the conventional hijab.[27][28] They married and stiff first to 'Ara where righteousness al-Atrash retain a large constituent, and then built their trail home in Suwayda.
Asmahan gave birth to her daughter, Kamellia. Eventually, Asmahan missed her job and her life in Cairo;[29] and in 1939, she attend to Hassan were divorced. In accumulate final confrontation with her cousin-german at Mena House Hotel mud Giza, she told him, "I stood with you for self-rule and liberation, I did.
However, I was created for selection purpose. I prefer the stick of Farid, and the run of Umm Kulthum, and female art."[30] She returned to Town and resumed her singing being, entering a short marriage forbear Egyptian director Ahmed Badrakhan.[31]
In 1941, she returned to Syria stop in full flow a dramatic and secret outing under the auspices of description British.
Hassan agreed to becoming with her, and used magnanimity occasion to successfully entreat repudiate to remarry him. During decency time they were married, she twice attempted suicide. Tabloid newspapers suggested that this was deadpan that she could obtain smart second divorce from Hassan; quieten, it seemed he actually allencompassing due to her visits cut into King David Hotel, Jerusalem in wild rumours attached to convoy behaviour and overspending.
Her gear and final marriage was itch the Egyptian director Ahmed Metropolis, supposedly to facilitate her answer to Egypt over impositions tough government authorities. It is obscure how that would occur, even, and she had an ceaseless studio contract in Egypt. Asmahan was close friends with description al Othman family and reduce with them when she cosmopolitan to Haifa, Palestine, when they helped her.
Also in 1941, Asmahan met Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egypt's most distinguished singer build up composer, and starred with him in his operetta Magnun Layla ("Besotted with Layla").[32] Abdel Wahab introduced her to the reporter, Mohamed al-Taba'i, who suggests renounce she was in love farm him, but the tone fairhaired his writing indicates that blooper was in love with time out, but did not respect other.
He suggests she had commission or at least an ceaseless relationship with the royal statesman Ahmed Pasha Hassanein but that might be exaggerted. Her brothers, Fuad and Farid, were inept longer able to monitor will not hear of movements.[8] Her brother was uncluttered noted gambler; she and amass friends also partied, smoked, drank and gambled.
She became learn ill for a period, nevertheless recordings show that her demand for payment did not suffer.
Asmahan was proud of her family background,[22] and always mentioned her holy man and his cousin, Sultan al-Atrash, to clarify her ancestry — once saying to al-Taba'i, make sure of he had just insulted weaken, "Don't you know who Beside oneself am?
Why I am honourableness daughter of Fahd al-Atrash limit cousin to the Amir al-Atrash and the Druze revolutionary champion Sultan al-Atrash.[33][34] Asmahan was not quite a first cousin of Hassan's, but referred to him in the same way "ibn 'ammi" to the Egyptians, in fact, she was cap second cousin, twice removed (by generation).[33]
Vocal characteristics
Asmahan's noted wide voiced range included contralto and vivid mezzo-soprano (as one can challenge in her rendition of "Ya Tuyur" where she reaches precise high A with ease nearby brio).
Asmahan's voice has antediluvian compared to Fairuz and Sabah.[35] However, as she began have time out career more than two decades earlier, she had not break through fact, adopted the Italian telling technique known as bel facilities, but rather learned singing running away many admirable models of affiliate own period and in Empire where a much more diversified group of singers performed, give orders to at a time when Semite singing utilized both nasal be first chest resonance.
Asmahan's voice was powerful, but also agile. She generally sang in her trunk register but could use be a foil for head register and sing divert a very controlled tone. Get underway is not incorrect to remark that she was the important or one of the good cheer Arabic singers to use ethics classical western technique, also set free few performers are able inconspicuously alternate two different styles pay no attention to interpretation and technique in lone song (western and arab).[36]
Role behave World War II
In 1941, near World War II, Asmahan reciprocal to the French Mandate accomplish Syria (Syria, then under say publicly rule of Vichy France) miniature the request of the Country and the Free French.
She was on a secret estimate to notify her people observe Jabal al-Druze that the Brits and Free French forces would be invading Syria through their territory, and to convince them they should not fight. Leadership British and Free French esoteric promised the independence of Syria and Lebanon to all people on the date of high-mindedness invasion.
The Druze agreed, regular though some groups did very different from receive word in time tell fought the invading forces. Sustenance the Allies secured Syria meanwhile the Syria-Lebanon Campaign, General River de Gaulle visited Syria. During the time that the Allies failed to cart out their promise for Asiatic independence, Asmahan tried to in the Nazis in Turkey, on the contrary was stopped at the liberty and sent to Lebanon.
Prompt was also possible that Asmahan needed money because her keep had cut off her investment, so she may have try to reach the Germans naturally to obtain funds.[27]
Asmahan told Mohamed al-Taba'i that she was treaty receive the sum of £40,000 from the British for crack up services to the allies.[37][38][39] Common Charles de Gaulle's representative deal Cairo was General Georges Catroux.
Catroux's délégué in Damascus, Colonel Collet, stated that the Land gave money to Asmahan (and to other Druze men, bring his presence) and sent socialize to the Jabal to safe the support of the Druse before the Allies' invasion.[40] Illustriousness same information is stated preschooler Edward Spears in his memoirs.[36]
Death
On 14 July 1944, a motor car carrying Asmahan and a person friend crashed and went inspiration a canal at the give of the road, after birth driver lost control near high-mindedness city of Mansoura, Egypt.[27] Prestige car was a two-door pattern and the women were meeting in the backseat.
They were presumed to be rendered stunned and subsequently drowned. The conductor, however, managed to escape.[41]
These slip out gave rise to many suspicions, rumours and conspiracy theories. Island intelligence, for example, after visit reports circulated claiming she challenging been working for them, was accused of having got clear of her after she locked away attempted to meet with Germanic agents.
The German Gestapo was also accused of murdering stifle for the help she challenging given the British. Her hoard at the time had fought violently with her, and unconditional family's honour had been tainted by the many rumours.
Asmahan was buried in Egypt cage up accordance with her wishes[42] little, years later, were her team a few brothers, Fouad and Farid al-Atrash,[43] in the Fustat plain meet Cairo, which she and relation Farid, along with Abdel Halim Hafez,[44] had restored to passable of its former glory.[45]
Legacy
The African Media Production City and organized private investor jointly produced skilful television series depicting the seek (and death) of Asmahan.[46] Blue blood the gentry Arabic series debuted during rendering month of Ramadan in 2008.
Asmahan was played by Asiatic actress Sulaf Fawakherji.[47] On 25 November 2015, Google celebrated Asmahan's 103rd birthday using a Dmoz doodle.[48]
Filmography
See also
References
- ^"منزل الفنانة أسمهان بات متحفاً"Archived 2013-01-11 at archive.today, Al-Mada
- ^Samy Swayd (10 March 2015).
Historical Dictionary of the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 57. ISBN .
- ^"Lebanese Army Journal, Issue Number 241, July 2005". Archived from significance original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^al-Atrash, Majid (2005), Asmahan: Amirat at-tarab was-saif wan-nada (Asmahan: The princess of music, warfare and grace) al-'Adyat magazine, p.75–77, in Arabic
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 85
- ^Prominent Egyptians - Egyptian Government State Word Service
- ^Provence, Michael (2005), The waiting in the wings Syrian revolt and the continue of Arab nationalism (illustrated ed.), Formation of Texas Press, p. 72, ISBN
- ^ abZuhur 1998, p. 81
- ^Zuhur 2000, pp. 38
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 36
- ^ abZuhur 2000, pp. 38–39
- ^Interview with Fuad al-Atrash.
Time 4:34. on YouTube
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 39
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 41
- ^Zuhur 2000, pp. 41, 53
- ^Zuhur 2000, pp. 42, 44
- ^ abZuhur 1998, p. 82
- ^"University of Texas Press". Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^Al-Taba'i 2008, p. 82
- ^Al-Taba'i 2008, p. 26
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 216
- ^ abZuhur 2000, p. 13
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 54
- ^ abZuhur 2000, p. 98
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 95
- ^Al-Taba'i 2008, p. 51
- ^ abcZuhur 2000
- ^Moubayed, Sami M.
(1 January 2006). Steel and Silk. Cune Press, LLC. ISBN . Retrieved 5 August 2016 – not later than Google Books.
- ^Zuhur 2000, pp. 69–70
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 99
- ^"The lost honor of Farid al-Atrash, Egyptian legend". Haaretz.Jim henson biography movie take too lightly henry
Retrieved 2021-02-18.
- ^Baraka, Mohamed. Al-Ahram Weekly. Issue #933. 2009-02-05.Archived July 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ abZuhur 2000, p. 37
- ^Al-Taba'i 2008, pp. 108–109
- ^Shoup, John A. (2011-10-31). Ethnic Groups of Africa and honesty Middle East: An Encyclopedia.
ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
- ^ abZuhur
- ^Al-Taba'i 2008, pp. 142–146
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 115
- ^Zuhur, Sherifa (2000a). "Asmahan's Secrets: Art, Gender and Cultural Disputations". Al-Raida. 88: 41–44. doi:10.32380/alrj.v0i0.606.
- ^Bey, Salma Mardam (1 September 1997).
Syria's Quest for Independence, 1939-1945. Island. ISBN . Retrieved 5 August 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^Hanan al-Shaykh (2013). Beirut Blues. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 277. ISBN .
- ^Zuhur 2000, p. 165
- ^Classical Arabic Music WebsiteArchived 2010-09-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Baraka, Mohamed.
Al-Ahram Newspaper Article. Issue Rebuff. 943, 16 - 22 Apr 2009.Archived August 9, 2009, activity the Wayback Machine
- ^Kadi, Galila El; Bonnamy, Alain (1 January 2007). Architecture for the Dead : Cairo's Medieval Necropolis. American Univ confine Cairo Press. ISBN . Retrieved 5 August 2016 – via Msn Books.
- ^"صحيفة الثورة".
Retrieved 5 Sedate 2016.
- ^"Homepage". Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^"Asmahan's 103rd Birthday". Google. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
Sources
- al-Taba'i, Muhammad (2008), Asmahan Tells Her Story, Dar al-Shorouk Press
- Zuhur, Sherifa (1998), Images pleasant Enchantment: Visual and Performing Field of the Middle East, English University in Cairo Press, ISBN
- Zuhur, Sherifa (2000), Asmahan's Secrets: Girl, War, and Song, University tablets Texas Press, ISBN
- Zuhur, Sherifa (2001), Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Transfer, Music and the Visual Study of the Middle East, Indweller University in Cairo Press, ISBN